The objective of this retrospective clinical study wasto study the risk factors for short-term low back and leg pain after PLIF in patients with lumbar Degenerative disease, and to establish a risk prediction model for short-term low back and leg pain after PLIF based on relevant risk factors.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. confirmed diagnosis of lumbar degenerative disease (spinal stenosis, disc herniation with lumbar instability, and lumbar spondylolisthesis), with no significant symptomatic relief after conservative treatment for more than 3 months, and in need of surgical intervention;
2. lumbar spinal fusion surgical treatment with PLIF;
3. grouping based on the presence or absence of a lumbar or limb pain with VAS ≥3 at the 3th month postoperative follow-up;
4. observational indicators including individual factors, surgical factors, spine-pelvis sagittal balance parameters, and paravertebral muscle parameters.

Exclusion Criteria:

(1) those with a history of lumbar spine trauma, inflammation, tumor, or surgery; (2) those with congenital or acquired severe lumbar vertebral deformity; (3) those with severe neurological dysfunction; (4) those with incomplete baseline and follow-up data.

The data of 936 patients who underwent PLIF for lumbar Degenerative disease from June 2018 to March 2023 were collected retrospectively. The patients were divided into rehabilitation group（N=501） and residual pain group（N=435）according to their postoperative pain