The aim of the study is to evaluate the Fertitonex effects on semen parameters in clinical varicocele patients.

Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after one year of unprotected, frequent and regular sexual intercourse. Almost 15% of all couples trying to conceive are affected by infertility, and in almost half of these cases male infertility is the sole or a contributing factor. The most common cause is idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) that is defined as follows sperm concentration, the proportion of morphologically normal sperm and the proportion of motile sperm are all lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) reference values.

Despite extensive research, a successful treatment for OAT had not yet been developed. Small amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by spermatozoa in physiological conditions, and various scavengers act to reduce the concentration of these ROS in the seminal plasma. ROS are needed for capacitation, acrosome reaction and ultimately fertilization.

Antioxidants might help maintain the balance between ROS production and clearance and thus could improve sperm quality Additionally, observational studies had found a lower frequency of sperm aneuploidy in men with a higher dietary intake of antioxidants than in those with a lower intake. In semen, antioxidants decrease OS, potentially improving sperm motility and reducing DNA fragmentation.

We aim to evaluate the Fertitonex effects on semen parameters in clinical varicocele patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Primary infertility.
• Abnormal semen analysis parameters.
• Clinically evident varicocele confirmed by scrotal duplex.

Exclusion Criteria:

• 2ry infertility.
• Normal semen analysis parameters.
• Clinically non-evident varicocele.
• Past history of varicocelectomy.