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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| TC Erciyes University | OTHER |
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The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different whitening methods used during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and clear aligners. It also aims to examine the effect of different whitening methods on white spot lesions and the color change they cause in the teeth.
During orthodontic treatment, if oral hygiene is not properly maintained or in long-term treatments, tooth discoloration may occur. In clear aligner treatment, failure to regularly clean the aligners or the consumption of staining foods and beverages while wearing the aligners can lead to staining and yellowing of the tooth surfaces.
The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of different whitening methods used during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and clear aligners. It also aims to examine the effect of different whitening methods on white spot lesions using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) and to evaluate the color changes in the teeth during the treatment process.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional | Experimental | In this group, 14 patients (7 with fixed appliances and 7 with clear aligners) underwent conventional whitening procedures during the treatment process. As the whitening agent, an in-office bleaching system containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP, FGM) was chosen. |
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| Laser-assisted bleaching | Experimental | In this group, 14 patients (7 with fixed appliances and 7 with clear aligners) underwent laser whitening with a 940 nm diode laser and a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel (Whiteness HP, FGM). |
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| Home bleaching | Experimental | In the home whitening group, 14 patients (7 with fixed appliances and 7 with clear aligners) underwent a 14-day home whitening treatment during the treatment process using a 16% carbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence PF, Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT, USA). |
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| Control | Experimental | The 14 patients randomly selected (7 with fixed appliances and 7 with clear aligners) served as the control group. No whitening procedures were performed on the patients in this group. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-office bleaching system | Procedure | As the whitening agent, an in-office bleaching system containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP, FGM) was chosen. The gingiva was isolated using an isolation material (Opaldam, Ultradent Products Inc.), which was light-cured with a standard curing light. The whitening gel was applied to the labial surfaces of the maxillary incisors and canines with a 1mm thickness and left for 20 minutes. After cleaning the teeth with an aspiration tip, the whitening procedure was repeated. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Tooth color measurement | The screenshots of the scanning records taken at the beginning and end of the treatment were captured, and the L*, a*, b* values were measured using Photoshop software. | up to 1,5 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| QLF(Quantitative light-induced fluorescence) Analysis Score | Delta F (ΔF) - The percentage of fluorescence loss relative to a sound tooth | up to 1 years |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erciyes University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics | Kayseri | 38000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24352384 | Result | Consolaro A, Consolaro RB, Francischone L. Clarifications, guidelines and questions about the dental bleaching "associated" with orthodontic treatment. Dental Press J Orthod. 2013 Sep-Oct;18(5):4-10. doi: 10.1590/s2176-94512013000500002. | |
| 10507207 | Result | Hegedus C, Bistey T, Flora-Nagy E, Keszthelyi G, Jenei A. An atomic force microscopy study on the effect of bleaching agents on enamel surface. J Dent. 1999 Sep;27(7):509-15. doi: 10.1016/s0300-5712(99)00006-8. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014075 | Tooth Discoloration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| Laser-assisted bleaching | Procedure | Whitening was performed 10 days prior to treatment, with laser treatment applied without removing brackets in the fixed appliance group and without cleaning attachments in the aligner group. The laser was applied to the buccal surface of the teeth with a 1mm distance for 30 seconds in three applications. After a 10-minute rest, the laser procedure was repeated. |
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| Home-bleaching | Procedure | The whitening trays were custom-made for the fixed appliance patients, and they used them for 2-4 hours each evening after brushing their teeth. In the transparent aligner group, whitening was done using the aligners worn for treatment. |
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| Control | Other | This group of patients did not undergo any whitening procedures. |
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| 32354432 | Result | Albhaisi Z, Al-Khateeb SN, Abu Alhaija ES. Enamel demineralization during clear aligner orthodontic treatment compared with fixed appliance therapy, evaluated with quantitative light-induced fluorescence: A randomized clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2020 May;157(5):594-601. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.01.004. |
| 21724070 | Result | Jadad E, Montoya J, Arana G, Gordillo LA, Palo RM, Loguercio AD. Spectrophotometric evaluation of color alterations with a new dental bleaching product in patients wearing orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011 Jul;140(1):e43-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.11.021. |