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Obesity is a risk factor for chronic diseases, and improving energy expenditure is a way to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this project is to explore the relationship between the effect of coffee on energy expenditure and caffeine metabolism, which has important significance in the rational application of caffeine.
The investigators will study the relationship between the effect of coffee on energy expenditure and caffeine metabolism. The investigators will recruit healthy participants. Participants will be forbidden to consume stimulant drinks such as coffee for 24 hours before the experiment. When the participants arrive at the lab on the day of the experiment, they will sign an informed consent form, a health history questionnaire and a daily coffee consumption questionnaire. The changes of drinking water/coffee on total energy expenditure (TEE), body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, memory，cognition, sleep time and so on will be observed. The concentration of caffeine and its metabolites in the blood and urine will be measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| water | Experimental | The participants will drink 200 ml water four times at 1 hour intervals. |
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| coffee | Experimental | The participants will drink 200 ml coffee four times at 1 hour intervals. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caffeine content | Other | Participants will drink the same volume of water or coffee, caffeine content is 2mg/kg by body weight. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total energy expenditure | Total energy expenditure will be measured by Chamber (OMNICAL). | 2 days |
| The concentration of caffeine and its metabolites in urine | The contents of caffeine and it's metabolites will be measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS ). | 2 days |
| The concentration of caffeine and its metabolites in serum | The concentration of caffeine and its metabolites in serum will be measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS ). | 1 day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body temperature | Body temperature of participants will be measured by body temperature patch (RIT-P02-MED). | 2 days |
| Electrocardiogram (ECG) | ECG of participants will be measured by Amu ECG belt, the changes in P wave, PR interval, PR segment, QRS wave group, J point, ST segment, T wave, QT interval, and U wave will be observe. |
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Inclusion Criteria：
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John R Speakman, PhD | Contact | 15810868669 | j.speakman@abdn.ac.uk | |
| Huanan Zhang, Master | Contact | 13371016641 | hnzhang2021@163.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| John R Speakman, PhD | Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology ,Chinese Academy of Sciences | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | Recruiting | Shenzhen | Guangdong | 518055 | China |
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| 2 days |
| Blood pressure | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of participants will be measured by Omron digital sphygmomanometer. | 2 days |
| Height | Height will be measured by seca 217 stable stadiometer. Subjects wearing no shoes. | The morning of the first day of the experiment, 5 mins |
| Body weight | Fasting body weight will be measured by Bioimpedance Analysis (TANITA, MC-980). | The morning of the first day of the experiment, 5 mins |
| Fat mass | Fat mass will be measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Shanghai united imaging, uMR 790 ). | The morning of the first day of the experiment, 10 mins |
| Fat free mass | Fat free mass will be Bioimpedance Analysis (Tanita, MC-980). | on the morning of the experiment, 5 mins |
| Heart rate | Heart rate will be measured by Polar heart rate belts. | 2 days |
| Hunger rating | Hunger score will be measured on (Visual Analogue Scale) VAS by a pen and a paper. According to the scores of each participant, the highest score was 100 % hunger rate, and hunger rate (%) at other time points will be obtained from hunger score × 100 % / the highest score. | 2 days |
| Memory and cognitive tests | Memory and cognitive tests will be tested by Cognitive Experiment Standard Toolbox (CEST). | The morning of the experiment, 60 mins |
| Physical activity | The physical activity of volunteers will be recorded by accelerometer (GT3XP-BTLE). | 7 days |
| Sleep duration | The sleep duration of volunteers will be recorded by polar watch. | 2 days |
| Waist circumferences | Waist circumferences will be measured using a whole body laser scanner (TG2000-F). | The morning of the first day of the experiment,10 mins. |