Effects of Different Coffee Amounts on Energy Intake, Appetite, Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory Markers

The Effect of Different Amounts of Coffee on Dietary Intake, Appetite-related Feeling, Appetite Hormones, Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory Markers of Normal Weight and Overweight/Obese Individuals

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether different doses of caffeinated coffee consumption has acute effects on subjective appetite feelings, energy intake and biochemical markers related to appetite, inflammation and glucose metabolism compared to water consumption in normal weight and overweight/obese participants.

Inclusion Criteria:

• apparently healthy
• habitual coffee drinkers (>= 1cup of coffee/day)

Exclusion Criteria:

• smokers
• restrained eaters (as this was evaluated using the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire)
• those who reported slimming or any other dietary regime
• athletes
• participants with a known diagnosis of either hypertension, diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance or a fasting blood glucose concentration above 125 mg/dl
• subjects on medication for hypertension or on medication known to alter glucose metabolism
• subjects who were on medication that may have an impact on appetite and sensory functioning or who reported a metabolic or
• endocrine disease,
• gastrointestinal disorders,
• a history of medical or surgical events that may have affected the study outcomes