The investigators designed a multicentral, observational, prospective cohort study to provide cortical data for risk stratification and biomarkers on early outcomes, complications, long-term neurological function, and cognitive status of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) through skull radiologic scans (CT or MRI);
• Underwent no surgical intervention;

Exclusion Criteria:

• Secondary intracerebral hemorrhage (with leading cause, e.g., Moyamoya disease, arteriovenous malformation, intracranial aneurysm, tumor, brain trauma)
• Pre-stroke life expectancy < 1 year for severe comorbidities (e.g., Progressive malignant tumor, severe chronic heart failure [NYHA: III-IV], severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [III-IV], chronic kidney disease requiring hemodialysis)
• Severe dependency or incorporation to interview (e.g., pre-stroke mRS>3, severe dementia, intractable mental disease)
• Unsuitable for inclusion in the study in the opinion of the investigator

Patients were diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and received no surgical intervention until enrollment; and those patients should have enough life expectancy and be assessable for the interview, according to their pre-stroke status.

Deidentified case data are available from the authors upon reasonable request, after request in writing to the corresponding authors and after approval by the study committee and principal investigators from each site.