The study is configured as a monocentric observational transversal biological study.

The main objective of the study is the reconstruction of the molecular organization of tumors of the thoracic cavity, in particular non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

The study involves the collection of clinical data and biological material (blood and tumor tissue) from 70 subjects diagnosed with thoracic tumors.

Inclusion criteria:

The study population will include all patients with the following characteristics:

• Ability to provide informed consent
• Men and women over the age of 18 years old
• Patients candidates for surgical treatment diagnosed with thoracic tumors

The procedures to which the patient will undergo during the study follow the standard of clinical practice for the treatment of pathology.

Exclusion criteria:

• Previous chemotherapy for any cancer within the last 6 months
• Pregnant and/or breastfeeding women
• Immunosuppressive state (states of immunosuppression or ongoing immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory treatments)

The time of observation of the patient for the purposes of the study is limited to the time of hospitalization and the surgical procedure, the patient will therefore perform a single visit to the hospital and there is no provision for the collection of further data following discharge. The study involves a single timepoint of data collection and samples.

The study will have a total duration of 3 years.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ability to provide informed consent;
• Men and women over the age of 18;
• Patients candidates for surgical treatment diagnosed with thoracic tumors

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous chemotherapy for any cancer within the last 6 months;
• Pregnant and/or breastfeeding women;
• Immunosuppressive state (states of immunosuppression or ongoing immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory treatments)

The population is made up of patients diagnosed with thoracic cancer, candidates for surgical resection for the disease.