Vitamin D is important for bone health, immune function, and inflammation, along with dental implant success. The study aimed to assess bone markers and cytokine levels in patients with and without vitamin D insufficiency to better understand the effects of vitamin D levels on dental implant integration. The study included 42 patients in 2 groups; with insufficient (Group IN-S; n=21) and sufficient (Group S; n=21) levels of vitamin D. Bone remodelling, proinflammatory and antiinflammatory markers were analyzed in bone and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and results were reported as concentration and total amount.

Background: Vitamin D is crucial for bone mineralization and plays a significant role in immune and inflammatory responses. Its deficiency is highly prevalent and might alter osseointegration of dental implants. Since successful osseointegration is a critical aspect of implant survival and the effects of vitamin D on implant osseointegration have not been well documented, the aim of this study was to evaluate bone markers and cytokine levels of patients with or without vitamin D insufficiency. Methods: A total of 42 patients were included and divided into two groups: Vitamin D insufficient (Group IN-S; n=21) and Vitamin D sufficient (Group S; n=21). Besides clinical periodontal parameters and implant stability measurements, bone and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) levels of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa B Ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin (OC), calcium (Ca), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), caspase-1 and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results were represented as concentration and total amount.

Inclusion Criteria:

Being volunteer to participate in the study, For the Vitamin D sufficient group (Group S) having a vitamin D level >20 ng/ml; and 12-20 ng/ml for Vitamin D insufficient group (Groups IN-S).

Having sufficient bone height and width at the edentulous areas, Not having a systemic disease that may adversely affect osseointegration, Not smoking Maintaining oral hygiene

Exclusion Criteria:

Vitamin D deficient patients (<12 ng/ml), already using vitamin D supplements Presence of any systemic disease, such as uncontrolled diabetes, that may affect implant success, Smoking, Presence of untreated periodontitis, Previous exposure to radiotherapy in the head and neck area, Presence of osteoporosis or other metabolic bone diseases, Usage of oral/intravenous bisphosphonates, History of bone grafting and/or sinus lift, Long-term corticosteroid usage.

For the Vitamin D sufficient group (Group S) >20 ng/ml threshold was determined as vitamin D sufficient, and Vitamin D insufficient group (Groups IN-S) 12-20 ng/mol was determined as insufficient. Vitamin D deficient patients (<12 ng/ml), already using vitamin D supplements, were not included in the current study.

Study data will be shared upon request by primary investigator Dr Vesile Elif toy elif.toy@inonu.edu.tr

Data is currently available.

Individual participant data can be shared upon reasonable request.