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The aims of this study are to develop a mindfulness-based elective course for nursing students and to evaluate its effects on psychological well-being, including mindfulness, depression, anxiety, stress, and problematic internet use, empathy, among nursing students.
This study will use a quasi-experimental design to examine the effects of a new elective course for nursing students. Convenience sampling will be used to recruit nursing students from a university of science and technology in Taiwan. Data will be collected at two time points: baseline (T0) and the end of the course (T1).
Participants who enroll in the elective course in mindfulness education will be assigned to the experimental group, whereas those who do not enroll in the elective course will be assigned to the comparison group. The anticipated total enrollment is 240 participants. Participants will be excluded if they are unwilling to participate in the study or do not complete the informed consent form.
Intervention: The experimental group will enroll in the elective course entitled "Mindfulness and Happiness," consisting of 2 hours per week for 18 consecutive weeks. The comparison group will not participate in this course. The elective course is designed using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) and is based on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction principles.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Mindfulness and Happiness elective course | Experimental | Participants in the experimental group will enroll in the elective course "Mindfulness and Happiness," which consists of 2 hours per week for 18 consecutive weeks. |
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| No Intervention: Comparison group | No Intervention | Participants in the comparison group will not enroll in the elective course "Mindfulness and Happiness." |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness and Happiness elective course | Other | Participants in the experimental group will receive the "Mindfulness and Happiness" elective course, consisting of 2 hours per week for 18 consecutive weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived Stress Scale score | The Perceived Stress Scale is a validated self-report measure of perceived stress. Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress | Baseline (T0) and end of course (T1, 18 weeks) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale score | The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7) is a validated self-report measure of anxiety severity. Higher scores indicate greater anxiety severity. | Baseline (T0) and end of course (T1, 18 weeks) |
| Mindful Attention Awareness Scale score | The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale is a validated self-report measure of mindfulness. Higher scores indicate greater mindfulness. | Baseline (T0) and end of course (T1, 18 weeks) |
| Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy score | The Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy is a validated self-report measure of empathy. Higher scores indicate greater empathy. | Baseline (T0) and end of course (T1, 18 weeks) |
| The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire-Short Form (PIUQ-SF) score | The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire-Short Form (PIUQ-SF) assesses problematic internet use, including obsession, neglect, and control disorder. Higher scores indicate more severe problematic internet use. | Baseline (T0) and end of course (T1, 18 weeks) |
| Taiwan Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire score | The Taiwan Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (Taiwan FFMQ) assesses five facets of mindfulness. Higher scores indicate greater mindfulness. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ya-chu hsiao, EdD | Contact | +886939740890 | yjshiao@mail.cgust.edu.tw |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ya-Chu Hsiao | Recruiting | Taoyuan City | N/A = Not Applicable | 333 03 | Taiwan |
IRB does not allow
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064866 | Mindfulness |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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The experimental group will enroll in the elective course named "Mindfulness and Happiness," which will consist of 2 hours every week for a continuous period of 18 weeks. The comparison group will not participate in this course.
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| Baseline (T0) and end of course (T1, 18 weeks) |
| Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 Score | The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) is a validated self-report measure of depression, anxiety, and stress. Higher scores indicate greater psychological distress. | Baseline (T0) and end of course (T1, 18 weeks) |