The present research aimed to thoroughly investigate the impact of bracket architecture on pain perception during active treatment, debonding, and adhesive removal.

100 consecutive patients who completed treatment with one of two bracket systems (2-slot brackets with integral base or conventional twin brackets with foil mesh) were included in this prospective clinical trial. Prior to the removal of brackets, participants were asked to evaluate the level of pain encountered throughout their orthodontic treatment with the fixed appliances, utilizing a 0-10 numerical rating scale, and to indicate the main cause of pain. Subsequently, brackets on the right side of both dental arches were debonded using the lift-off debonding instrument (LODI), while on the left side, the bracket removal pliers (BRP). The residual adhesive was removed through two methods (manual in the upper arch and rotary in the lower). The same scale was employed to assess pain levels during brackets and adhesive removal.

Inclusion Criteria:

• fixed appliance in both dental arches
• brackets bonded using the Transbond XT adhesive system (3M Unitek, St. Paul, USA) following the manufacturer's instructions

Exclusion Criteria:

• periodontal disease
• restorations or caries on buccal surfaces of the teeth,
• consumption of analgesics within eight hours preceding the debonding appointment