For all participants, a conventional facial impression will be done using silicone material then poured and scanned using a desktop scanner which represented the control group (Group 1).

Group 2, involves nasal defects which will be optically scanned using IOS(medit 700 wireless) without facial markers Group 3 involves nasal defects which will be optically scanned using IOS(medit 700 wireless) with facial markers.

STL files of the facial scans and scanned cast obtained from the impression will be exported and saved to be used later for outcome assessment.

Inclusion Criteria:

• isolated nasal defects either, total or subtotal.
• congenitally missing external nose with healthy and intact remaining facial structures.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any debilitating medical condition.