Participants in the intervention group will undergo 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week for 16 weeks, accompanied by a personalized nutritional plan (1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day and a calorie intake of 35 kilocalories per kilogram of ideal body weight per day).

The control group will solely receive nutritional guidance and maintain their physical inactivity.

This analysis refers to the between-group comparison for SDNN.

The estimated value represents the Hodges-Lehmann median difference between groups, which accounts for the distribution of all pairwise observations and may differ from the simple subtraction of group medians.

Participants in the intervention group will undergo 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week for 16 weeks, accompanied by a personalized nutritional plan (1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day and a calorie intake of 35 kilocalories per kilogram of ideal body weight per day).

The control group will solely receive nutritional guidance and maintain their physical inactivity.

Participants in this group began the study with an initial enrollment of 25 individuals. Of these, 23 participants successfully completed the 16-week supervised exercise program. Two participants were withdrawn during the study period: one was lost to follow-up (could not be contacted), and one was excluded due to an intercurrent event (new-onset atrial fibrillation).

The intervention consisted of 150 minutes per week of brisk walking at a moderate intensity (RPE 12-15), designed to improve cardiovascular fitness and autonomic function. During the initial four weeks, the program followed a hybrid model-combining once-weekly hospital-based sessions with home-based exercise-followed by 12 weeks of exclusively home-based sessions.

Additionally, participants received individualized dietary counseling at baseline, week 8, and upon study completion. These nutritional recommendations were aimed at meeting daily energy and protein targets of 35 kcal/kg and 1.2 g/kg of body weight, respectively. Clinical assessments-including Heart Rate Variability (HRV), the Ewing battery, Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD), and splanchnic circulation parameters-were performed at baseline and at the conclusion of the 16-week period.

Participants in this group began the study with an initial enrollment of 25 individuals. Of these, 21 participants successfully completed the 16-week study period. Four participants were withdrawn: three declined further follow-up (withdrawal by subject), and one was excluded due to an intercurrent event (anemia).

Participants received standard medical care for compensated cirrhosis and were instructed to maintain their usual physical activity levels throughout the 16-week period. No structured or supervised exercise intervention was provided.

To ensure consistency between groups, participants also received individualized dietary counseling at baseline, week 8, and upon study completion. These nutritional recommendations targeted a daily energy intake of 35 kcal/kg and a protein intake of 1.2 g/kg of body weight. Clinical assessments-including Heart Rate Variability (HRV), the Ewing battery, Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD), and splanchnic circulation parameters-were performed at baseline and at the conclusion of the 16-week period.

Participants in this group began the study with an initial enrollment of 25 individuals. Of these, 23 participants successfully completed the 16-week supervised exercise program. Two participants were withdrawn during the study period: one was lost to follow-up (could not be contacted), and one was excluded due to an intercurrent event (new-onset atrial fibrillation).

The intervention consisted of 150 minutes per week of brisk walking at a moderate intensity (RPE 12-15), designed to improve cardiovascular fitness and autonomic function. During the initial four weeks, the program followed a hybrid model-combining once-weekly hospital-based sessions with home-based exercise-followed by 12 weeks of exclusively home-based sessions.

Additionally, participants received individualized dietary counseling at baseline, week 8, and upon study completion. These nutritional recommendations were aimed at meeting daily energy and protein targets of 35 kcal/kg and 1.2 g/kg of body weight, respectively. Clinical assessments-including Heart Rate Variability (HRV), the Ewing battery, Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD), and splanchnic circulation parameters-were performed at baseline and at the conclusion of the 16-week period.

Participants in this group began the study with an initial enrollment of 25 individuals. Of these, 21 participants successfully completed the 16-week study period. Four participants were withdrawn: three declined further follow-up (withdrawal by subject), and one was excluded due to an intercurrent event (anemia).

Participants received standard medical care for compensated cirrhosis and were instructed to maintain their usual physical activity levels throughout the 16-week period. No structured or supervised exercise intervention was provided.

To ensure consistency between groups, participants also received individualized dietary counseling at baseline, week 8, and upon study completion. These nutritional recommendations targeted a daily energy intake of 35 kcal/kg and a protein intake of 1.2 g/kg of body weight. Clinical assessments-including Heart Rate Variability (HRV), the Ewing battery, Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD), and splanchnic circulation parameters-were performed at baseline and at the conclusion of the 16-week period.

Participants in the intervention group will undergo 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week for 16 weeks, accompanied by a personalized nutritional plan (1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day and a calorie intake of 35 kilocalories per kilogram of ideal body weight per day).

The control group will solely receive nutritional guidance and maintain their physical inactivity.

Participants in this group began the study with an initial enrollment of 25 individuals. Of these, 23 participants successfully completed the 16-week supervised exercise program. Two participants were withdrawn during the study period: one was lost to follow-up (could not be contacted), and one was excluded due to an intercurrent event (new-onset atrial fibrillation).

The intervention consisted of 150 minutes per week of brisk walking at a moderate intensity (RPE 12-15), designed to improve cardiovascular fitness and autonomic function. During the initial four weeks, the program followed a hybrid model-combining once-weekly hospital-based sessions with home-based exercise-followed by 12 weeks of exclusively home-based sessions.

Additionally, participants received individualized dietary counseling at baseline, week 8, and upon study completion. These nutritional recommendations were aimed at meeting daily energy and protein targets of 35 kcal/kg and 1.2 g/kg of body weight, respectively. Clinical assessments-including Heart Rate Variability (HRV), the Ewing battery, Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD), and splanchnic circulation parameters-were performed at baseline and at the conclusion of the 16-week period.

Participants in the intervention group will undergo 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week for 16 weeks, accompanied by a personalized nutritional plan (1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day and a calorie intake of 35 kilocalories per kilogram of ideal body weight per day).

The control group will solely receive nutritional guidance and maintain their physical inactivity.

Participants in the intervention group will undergo 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week for 16 weeks, accompanied by a personalized nutritional plan (1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day and a calorie intake of 35 kilocalories per kilogram of ideal body weight per day).

The control group will solely receive nutritional guidance and maintain their physical inactivity.

Participants in the intervention group will undergo 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week for 16 weeks, accompanied by a personalized nutritional plan (1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day and a calorie intake of 35 kilocalories per kilogram of ideal body weight per day).

The control group will solely receive nutritional guidance and maintain their physical inactivity.

Participants in this group began the study with an initial enrollment of 25 individuals. Of these, 23 participants successfully completed the 16-week supervised exercise program. Two participants were withdrawn during the study period: one was lost to follow-up (could not be contacted), and one was excluded due to an intercurrent event (new-onset atrial fibrillation).

The intervention consisted of 150 minutes per week of brisk walking at a moderate intensity (RPE 12-15), designed to improve cardiovascular fitness and autonomic function. During the initial four weeks, the program followed a hybrid model-combining once-weekly hospital-based sessions with home-based exercise-followed by 12 weeks of exclusively home-based sessions.

Additionally, participants received individualized dietary counseling at baseline, week 8, and upon study completion. These nutritional recommendations were aimed at meeting daily energy and protein targets of 35 kcal/kg and 1.2 g/kg of body weight, respectively. Clinical assessments-including Heart Rate Variability (HRV), the Ewing battery, Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD), and splanchnic circulation parameters-were performed at baseline and at the conclusion of the 16-week period.

Participants in the intervention group will undergo 150 minutes of moderate aerobic exercise per week for 16 weeks, accompanied by a personalized nutritional plan (1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of ideal body weight per day and a calorie intake of 35 kilocalories per kilogram of ideal body weight per day).

The control group will solely receive nutritional guidance and maintain their physical inactivity.