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Some of the clinical characteristics of people with Down syndrome (DS) are orthopedic, cardiovascular, neuromuscular, visual, cognitive and perceptual disorders, which directly affect the quality of their movements. Children with DS often have a sedentary lifestyle or low levels of physical activity which exacerbates problems related to obesity and overall physical health. Therefore, the practice of physical exercise in this type of population is essential to improve their health-related physical fitness. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of an adapted rhythmic gymnastics training program on body composition, tendon architecture and stiffness, and physical capacity in children with DS.
Children with DS with medium to moderate intellectual disabilities are required to participate. Participants will complete 10 weeks of training, two days per week. They will be divided into two groups: the Control Group will receive two swimming sessions per week and the Experimental Group will receive two swimming sessions plus two rhythmic gymnastics sessions. Before and after the application of the program, the following will be evaluated: body composition by Inbody 720, muscular architecture and elastography by Logiq® S8 ultrasound scanner and tendon stiffness by Myoton® Pro portable myotonometer. The tendons to be studied will be the Achilles tendon and the patellar tendon.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| swimming training | Other | Participants complete 2 swimming training sessions per week. Total program time 10 weeks |
|
| swimming training and rhythmic gymnastics training | Experimental | Participants perform 2 swimming training sessions per week and 2 rhythmic gymnastics training sessions. Total program time 10 weeks |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| swimming training | Other | 2 sessions per week of swimming training |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition | Body compisition will be assessed with the Inbody 720 (Bioespace, Seoul, Korea). In this test body mass (BM; kg), muscle mass (MM; kg), fat mass (FM; kg), lean mass (LM; kg), fat-free mass (FF; kg) | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| Tendon thickness | Tendon thickness will be evaluated with the Logiq® S8 ultrasound machine (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| Stiffness tendon | Stiffness tendon will be evaluated with Myoton® Pro hand-held myotonometer (Myoton AS, Tallinn, Estonia). In this test, the mechanical properties of the Achilles tendon will be measured. | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| Hamstrings flexibility | Hamstrings flexibility will be evaluated with Seat and Reach Test (Fabrication Enterprises Inc., USA). | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| body mass index | Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) will be calcultated from body mass and height | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| visceral fat area | visceral fat area (area; cm2) will be assessed with the Inbody 720 (Bioespace, Seoul, Korea). | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| metabolism | metabolism (MET; kcal) will be assessed with the Inbody 720 (Bioespace, Seoul, Korea). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Javier Abián-Vicén, PhD | University of Castilla-La Mancha | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Universidad de Castilla La Mancha | Toledo | 45071 | Spain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D004314 | Down Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D008607 | Intellectual Disability |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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The care provider will be responsible for administering the training program. Two different people will develop swimming training and rhythmic gymnastics training. Each participant will be assigned a code. The researcher will process the data with the code of each participant.
| rhythmic gymnastics training | Other | 2 training sessions of rhythmic gymnastics |
|
| "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| tendon elastography | Tendon elastography will be evaluated with the Logiq® S8 ultrasound machine (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| balance | Balance will be evaluated with the Biodex Balance System stability system (Biodex Medical Systems Inc., USA). | "baseline and "immediately post intervention" |
| functional capacity | Functional capacity of the lower body wll be evaluated with Sit to Stand Test adapted. | "baseline" and "immediately post intervention" |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D000015 | Abnormalities, Multiple |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D025063 | Chromosome Disorders |
| D030342 | Genetic Diseases, Inborn |