The current project is dedicated to creating a comprehensive cognitive and neural assessment platform and corresponding norms tailored specifically to the older adults in Macau.

The investigators will establish this assessment platform using a combination of methods, including interviews, surveys, and expert reviews.

Steps include adapting existing assessment methods to the Macau context, developing new cognitive and neural tasks, defining standardized procedures, seeking external expert input, conducting pilot tests, and validation processes, and refining both the platform and its accompanying manual.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Must be a local adult resident of Macau
• Age above 50 years for older adult cohort
• Younger adults individuals above 18 will be included as control comparators

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of neurological injury or disease
• Current use of medications that affect brain function or blood flow
• Contraindications to MRI scanning, such as the presence of an electric/mechanical implant or device (e.g., pacemaker)
• Claustrophobia
• Body weight over 300 lbs due to weight and physical constraints of the scanner (i.e., bore size limited to 55 cm)
• Inability to provide informed consent
• Pregnancy
• Being under the legal age of adulthood (children)
• Incarcerated individuals (prisoners)

Adults above 50 years old from the Macau local community.