Between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2022, all recipients who underwent split liver transplantation at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were considered for inclusion. After exluding pediatric cases, multiorgan transplantations, liver cancer patients with macrovascular invasion or distant metastasis and recipients without computed tomography (CT) scan within three months before split liver transplantation, 240 patients were included. The procedures of organ donation and transplantation were strictly implemented under the regulation of the China Organ Donation Committee (CODC), Organ Transplant Committee (OTC) and the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). All donor livers came from donation after citizens' death and there was no procurement from prisoners.

2991 patients received deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT) for liver cancers in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China) between January 2015 and January 2021, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital (Hangzhou, China) between July 2017 and January 2021, and the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between January 2015 and January 2022. The subject selection process is shown in Figure 1. After excluding transplants for benign disease (N=1667), pediatric transplants (N=141), re-transplants (N=219), multi-organ transplants (N=23), transplants for neoplasms other than HCC (N=62), patients with macrovascular invasion (N=159), patients who died within 30 days after transplantation (N=55), patients with incomplete clinical data (N=45), and patients without pre-LT CT scans (N=208), 756 patients were studied.