This prospective cohort study aims to identify risk factors for postoperative adverse events in liver transplant recipients and living donors. By collecting comprehensive clinical data and conducting systematic long-term follow-up, the researchers intend to establish a specialized, standardized, and individualized follow-up management system. The ultimate goal is to optimize intervention strategies and improve patient prognosis and quality of life for both recipients and donors.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients undergoing liver transplantation or living donor hepatectomy at the study center (living donor should be approved by the hospital ethics committee for living organ donation);
2. Age 18 years or older;
3. Willing to participate in the long-term follow-up management program;
4. Signed informed consent form;

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients undergoing combined organ transplantation
2. Patients with severe mental illness or cognitive impairment who are unable to cooperate with follow-up assessments.
3. Donors whose surgery is aborted intraoperatively for any reason.
4. Unable or unwilling to comply with the long-term follow-up schedule.

The study population comprises all consecutive patients with end-stage liver disease or acute liver failure scheduled for liver transplantation (recipients) and healthy individuals undergoing living donor hepatectomy (donors) at the Department of Liver Surgery of the study center. Participants are selected from the clinical practice setting of the study center.