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Because the research team plans to change the protocol, we do not plan to conduct cycloplegic refraction, which requires dilation. Instead, we will use only 2-WINS for eye and vision screening. Additionally, we will change the study site
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The goal of this diagnostic test is to compare the results of refraction and amblyopia risks between using 2WIN-S portable refractor and cycloplegic refraction in pre-school age.
All participants will be tested by 2WIN-S portable refractor.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Using 2WIN-S portable refractor for amblyopia screening | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2WIN-S portable refractor | Diagnostic Test | All participants will be tested by 2WIN-S portable refractor without eye dilatation. If the 2WIN-S reports non-referral, participant will be tested visual acuity by optometrist. If the 2WIN-S reports referral, participant will be tested cycloplegic refraction by pediatric ophthalmologist, then tested by 2WIN-S again. The participant whose result is abnormal will be referred to the hospital for further management. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Significant refractive errors defined by AAPOS | Measuring spherical equivalent(SE) and cylinder(Cy), and axis to detect specific target levels of ARFs and visually significant refractive errors, as defined by AAPOS. | At baseline. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic accuracy for Amblyopia | Diagnostic accuracy for Amblyopia, measuring by 2WIN-S device and pediatric ophthalmologist. | At baseline. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rajavithi Hospital | Bangkok | Bangkok | 10400 | Thailand |
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