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Purpose: : This study was performed to compare the accuracy of non-cycloplegic photorefraction with cycloplegic refraction in detection of refractive amblyopia risk factors and determine some corresponding beneficial cut points.
Method: In this diagnostic accuracy study, right eyes of 185 children (1 to 14 years) underwent first non-cycloplegic photorefraction (with PlusOptix SO4 photoscreener) and then cycloplegic refraction from October 2009 to August 2010. Based on the cycloplegic refraction results, hyperopia (≥+3.5D), myopia (≥-3D), astigmatism (≥1.5D), and anisometropia (≥1.5D) were set as criteria based on AAPOS guidelines. The difference in detection of refractive amblyopia risk factors between the two methods was the main outcome measure.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| one arm | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| photorefraction | Device | photorefraction is a name of device. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| refraction | cycloplegic auto refraction & Non-cycloplegic photorefraction | 10 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| hyperopia (≥+3.5D), myopia (≥-3D), astigmatism (≥1.5D), and anisometropia (≥1.5D) were set as criteria based on AAPOS guidelines. | cycloplegic auto refraction & Non-cycloplegic photorefraction | 10 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labbafinejad medical center | Tehran | Iran |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000550 | Amblyopia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014786 | Vision Disorders |
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| D012678 | Sensation Disorders |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |