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To investigate the anxiolytic effects of binaural beat-embedded audio in patients undergoing sedation-free upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
The study was conducted with the participation of 96 patients who were referred for endoscopy for various reasons. Data were collected by two researchers. Patients between the ages of 18-70 who had scheduled upper gastrointestinal endoscopy appointments were included in the study, regardless of gender and underlying diseases. Patients who had undergone endoscopic procedures before, were using medication for anxiety and panic disorders, required urgent endoscopic intervention, had advanced dementia, had hearing problems, had anatomical or inflammatory disorders in the external ear canals, and those who did not want to listen to music for 15 minutes before the procedure were not included in the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| binaural music group | Experimental | Binaural music therapy was applied for 15 min before the procedure. |
|
| control | No Intervention | The control group was kept in a quiet room for 15 minutes before the procedure and then taken for the procedure. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| binaural music | Other | In the binaural music group, an MP3 player and in-ear stereo headphones were provided. Music therapy was applied for 15 min before the procedure. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Comparative results of the differences in STAI scores before and 5 minutes after the endoscopy in the music and control groups. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is a valid, self-report measure that consists of 40 items, with 20 items assessing state anxiety (STAI-S) and the other 20 items assessing trait anxiety (STAI-T). For both state and trait components, scores range from 20 to 80, with higher scores indicating higher levels of anxiety | Within 20 minutes pre-procedure and 5 minutes after the procedure |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient satisfaction | After the procedure, the patients were asked a series of questions for procedure evaluation (worse than expected, as expected, better than expected) and their willingness to have endoscopy again for their health (no, yes). The binaural music group was asked a three-item question with "yes-not sure-no" responses, inquiring whether the music increased relaxation and if they would like to listen to the same music again during a repeat procedure. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
- Between 18-70 years old who had scheduled upper gastrointestinal endoscopy appointments
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Oncology and Training Research Hospital | Ankara | 06200 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35713444 | Background | Opartpunyasarn P, Vichitvejpaisal P, Oer-Areemitr N. The effect of binaural beat audio on anxiety in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Jun 17;101(24):e29392. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029392. | |
| 28325532 | Result | Isik BK, Esen A, Buyukerkmen B, Kilinc A, Menziletoglu D. Effectiveness of binaural beats in reducing preoperative dental anxiety. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017 Jul;55(6):571-574. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2017.02.014. Epub 2017 Mar 18. |
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| 5 minutes after the procedure |
| Heart rate | The comparison of heart rate in the music and control groups | Within 20 minutes pre-procedure and 5 minutes after the procedure |
| Blood pressure | The comparison of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the music and control groups | Within 20 minutes pre-procedure and 5 minutes after the procedure |
| patient tolerance | The patient's tolerance during the procedure was assessed by the physician using a scale as follows: 0 (complete tolerance during the procedure, only retching during endoscope insertion); 1 (retching less than 2 times during the procedure); 3 (retching 3 or more times during the procedure); 4 (attempt to remove the endoscope during the procedure). | During the procedure |
| 16115248 | Result | Padmanabhan R, Hildreth AJ, Laws D. A prospective, randomised, controlled study examining binaural beat audio and pre-operative anxiety in patients undergoing general anaesthesia for day case surgery. Anaesthesia. 2005 Sep;60(9):874-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04287.x. |
| 39088370 | Derived | Demirci S, Sezer S. Effect of Binaural Beats on Anxiety and Tolerance in Patients Undergoing Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Without Sedation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Integr Complement Med. 2024 Dec;30(12):1209-1216. doi: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0804. Epub 2024 Aug 1. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017060 | Patient Satisfaction |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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