In this trial, the investigators aim to assess impact of goat milk-based infant formula on the severity and frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms, as well as other associated symptoms, and the health-related quality of life in infants exhibiting symptoms possibly related to cow's milk, compared to a cow milk-based formula.

Gastrointestinal symptoms are frequent in the first 6 months of life in otherwise healthy infants fed cow milk-based infant formulas (CMF). In management special infant formulas may be considered, although none is routinely recommended. Goat milk-based infant formulas (GMF) have shown promising effects on digestion and increased gastric emptying in several in vitro studies.

In this trial, a total of 158 participants at age 14 to 90 days, who exhibit gastrointestinal and/or other symptoms associated with CMF consumption, as assessed with the Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS) between 6 and 10 will be randomly allocated to GMF or CMF for four weeks. The primary outcome will be the proportion of infants showing a reduction of at least 4 points in CoMiSS following the four-week intervention period.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy term infants with a gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks.
• Infants who have received cow's milk infant formula for at least 7 consecutive days.
• Exclusive formula feeding.
• Cow's Milk-related Symptoms Score (CoMiSS) value at baseline between ≥6 and <10.

Exclusion Criteria:

• exclusive or partial breastfeeding (or feeding human milk)
• introduced to solid food/supplementary feeding
• any congenital or chronic condition
• previous or present gastrointestinal illness or malformation that could interfere with study parameters
• diagnosed cow's milk allergy
• receiving medication with regard to functional gastrointestinal disorders (i.e., reflux medication)
• sibling already participating in this study, and/or participating in another clinical trial.