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The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about the impact of taking a continuous performance attention test on the physiological stress response in college students. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Participants will
The PEBL Continuous Performance Task is an example of a mental stressor which requires vigilance and effort. We hypothesize that a sympathetic nervous system response will be evident in comparing physiological parameters during the attention task versus the preceding resting baseline period. Exploratory analyses will assess relationships between psychological measures of anxiety, stress, and mindfulness with this physiological response and the number of errors on the attention test.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PEBL Continuous Performance Task | Experimental | Participants will take the PEBL Continuous Performance Task, a 14 minute attention test requiring participants to press the space bar when certain letters are shown on the screen. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PEBL Continuous Performance Task | Behavioral | A PEBL version of the Conners Continuous Performance Task |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | Systolic and diastolic | Measured once after an 8 minute resting baseline, then 2 minutes into the attention task, and 10 minutes into the attention task. Data collection was then complete. |
| Skin conductance level | levels of sweat due to sympathetic nervous system activation | Measured continuously during an 8 minute resting baseline, then continuously for the 14 minute attention task. Data collection was then complete. |
| Heart rate variability | Normalized high frequency HRV | Measured continuously during an 8 minute resting baseline, then continuously for the 14 minute attention task. Data collection was then complete. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | Spielberger, C.D., R.L. Gorsuch, and R.E. Lushene, 1970. Scores on each of the state and trait sections range from 20 (low anxiety) to 80 (high anxiety) | Questionnaire completed on day of enrollment (<30 minutes) |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lisa E Olson, Ph.D. | University of Redlands | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Redlands | Redlands | California | 92373 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12703651 | Background | Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Apr;84(4):822-48. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822. | |
| 6668417 | Background | Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Soc Behav. 1983 Dec;24(4):385-96. No abstract available. |
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Anonymized participant data will be provided upon request
Starting after publication, and up to 10 years after publication
Will be provided to researchers affiliated with an academic institution upon request
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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All participants will be measured at baseline and then during an attention task.
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Cohen, S., T. Kamarck, and R. Mermelstein. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 1983. Scores range from 0 (low perceived stress) to 40 (high perceived stress) |
| Questionnaire completed on day of enrollment (<30 minutes) |
| Mindful Awareness and Attention Scale (MAAS) | Brown, K.W. and R.M. Ryan. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003. Scores range from 1 (least mindful) to 6 (most mindful) | Questionnaire completed on day of enrollment (<30 minutes) |
| PEBL Continuous Performance Task Foil Accuracy Rate | For trials where participants were presented with a foil, the percent in which the participant did not commit a commission error (participant correctly did not press spacebar). Ranges from 0 - 100% accuracy. | 14 minute attention task on the day of the experiment |
| Background | Spielberger, C.D., R.L. Gorsuch, and R.E. Lushene, Manual for the state-trait anxiety inventory. 1970: Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA. |
| Background | The PEBL Project. (2019). PEBL. Retrieved from https://pebl.sourceforge.net |
| 38938412 | Derived | Bautista BR, Gurning J, Marks M, Ortyn D, Salinas R, Olson LE. The sympathetic nervous system response to a Continuous Performance Task. MicroPubl Biol. 2024 Jun 12;2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001059. doi: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001059. eCollection 2024. |