Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study investigates whether dairy products will positively impact loading exercise-induced bone turnover and bone cell activity and/or the post-exercise inflammatory response in healthy young adults compared to a carbohydrate drink and/or water.
Introduction: Two million individuals at a cost of around 4.6 billion dollars a year in Canada suffer from osteoporosis. It is important to investigate strategies that can reduce bone loss and/or increase bone mass. Similarly, inflammation is associated with many different disease states, and investigating strategies to reduce systemic inflammation is prudent. Nutrition and exercise may be inexpensive and accessible strategies to improve bone health and inflammation and should be explored in different contexts and implemented. Our proposed research combines both nutrition and exercise along with the assessment of bone turnover and inflammatory markers in healthy young adults.
Design: Randomized controlled crossover trial
Participants: Healthy, university aged males and females.
Methods: During the study participants will complete 4 different acute exercise and nutritional supplement trials, in random order. The four trials are: 1) exercise+carbohydrate (CHO), 2) exercise+milk (Milk), 3) exercise+Greek yogurt (GY), and 4) exercise+water (W). The whole study will take a maximum of 16 weeks and each supplement trial will be separated by 2-4 weeks.
Outcomes: several markers of bone turnover and bone cell activity as well as markers of inflammation will be measured in the blood, before exercise and at different times post-exercise and post supplement consumption.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise and Greek Yogurt (GY) | Experimental | Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~200g Greek yogurt (0% milk fat). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~200g of Greek yogurt. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
|
| Exercise and Milk (Milk) | Experimental | Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~500ml plain skim milk (0% milk fat). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~500ml of skim milk. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
|
| Exercise and Carbohydrate (CHO) | Active Comparator | Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~50g of maltodextrin mixed with water (~500ml). An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~500ml of the maltodextrin drink. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High-Intensity Exercise | Behavioral | A single bout of high-intensity exercise (cycling intervals, resistance exercise, plyometrics) per trial. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OPG measured in serum/plasma | Pre-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | RANKL measured in serum/plasma | Pre-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OC measured in serum/plasma | Pre-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | SOST measured in serum/plasma | Pre-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | CTX measured in serum/plasma | Pre-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OPG measured in serum/plasma | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | RANKL measured in serum/plasma | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OC measured in serum/plasma | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Muscle soreness | Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale. | Pre-exercise |
| Muscle soreness | Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale. | 5 minutes post-exercise |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andrea R Josse, PhD | York University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| York University | Toronto | Ontario | M3J1P3 | Canada |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072696 | High-Intensity Interval Training |
| D002241 | Carbohydrates |
| D014867 | Water |
| D008892 | Milk |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Exercise and Water (W) | Placebo Comparator | Participants will have a fasted baseline blood sample taken upon arrival to the lab. Then they will take part in a high-intensity exercise protocol, consisting of high-intensity interval cycling, resistance exercise, and plyometrics. Following exercise, participants will return to the lab for a 5min post-exercise blood sample, and then consume ~500ml water. An additional blood sample will be taken at 1h post-exercise, followed by an additional ~500ml water. Blood samples will also be taken at 4h and 24h post-exercise. Participants will also rate their muscle soreness and perform a jump height test at pre-exercise, 5min post-exercise, 4h and 24h post-exercise. |
|
| Carbohydrate (Maltodextrin powder mixed with water) | Dietary Supplement | 50g consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise. |
|
|
| Skim Milk | Dietary Supplement | 500ml consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise. |
|
|
| Greek yogurt | Dietary Supplement | 200g consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise. |
|
|
| Water | Dietary Supplement | 500ml consumed immediately after exercise and 1h after exercise. |
|
|
SOST measured in serum/plasma
| 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | CTX measured in serum/plasma | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OPG measured in serum/plasma | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | RANKL measured in serum/plasma | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OC measured in serum/plasma | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | SOST measured in serum/plasma | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | CTX measured in serum/plasma | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OPG measured in serum/plasma | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | RANKL measured in serum/plasma | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OC measured in serum/plasma | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | SOST measured in serum/plasma | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | CTX measured in serum/plasma | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OPG measured in serum/plasma | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | RANKL measured in serum/plasma | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | OC measured in serum/plasma | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | SOST measured in serum/plasma | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Acute Bone Turnover/Cell Activity | CTX measured in serum/plasma | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma. | Pre-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-6 measured in serum/plasma. | Pre-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-1B measured in serum/plasma. | Pre-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-10 measured in serum/plasma. | Pre-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma. | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-6 measured in serum/plasma. | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-1B measured in serum/plasma. | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-10 measured in serum/plasma. | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma. | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-6 measured in serum/plasma. | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-1B measured in serum/plasma. | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-10 measured in serum/plasma. | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma. | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-6 measured in serum/plasma. | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-1B measured in serum/plasma. | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-10 measured in serum/plasma. | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | TNF-alpha measured in serum/plasma. | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-6 measured in serum/plasma. | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-1B measured in serum/plasma. | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic Inflammation - Serum/Plasma Cytokines | IL-10 measured in serum/plasma. | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells | Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry | Pre-exercise |
| Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells | Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry | 1 hour post-exercise |
| Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells | Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Systemic inflammation - Immune Cells | Leukocytes measured via flow cytometry | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Muscle soreness | Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale. | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Muscle soreness | Muscle soreness rated on a 0-5 scale. | 24 hours post-exercise |
| Performance - Jump Height | Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique. | Pre-exercise |
| Performance - Jump Height | Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique. | 5 minutes post-exercise |
| Performance - Jump Height | Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique. | 4 hours post-exercise |
| Performance - Jump Height | Vertical jump height measured using a counter movement jump technique. | 24 hours post-exercise |
| D009142 |
| Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
| D006878 | Hydroxides |
| D000468 | Alkalies |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D000838 | Anions |
| D007477 | Ions |
| D004573 | Electrolytes |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |
| D001628 | Beverages |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D003611 | Dairy Products |
| D005502 | Food |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |