Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Salt-sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes

Effects of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors on Salt-sensitivity in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

The goal of this interventional study is to test whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce the effects of high dietary sodium intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Participants will undergo a dietary intervention consisting of a week of high-sodium diet, followed by a week of low-sodium diet. At the end of each week the patients will undergo:

• 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement;
• 24-h urine collection;
• bioimpedance analysis for body composition determination;
• blood and urine tests.

The study will compare patients treated with SGLT2i and patients not treated with SGLT2i to test whether the treatment reduces the effects of high sodium intake on blood pressure, body composition and biochemical variables.

Inclusion Criteria:

• age 18-65 years;
• both males and females;
• type 2 diabetes.

Exclusion Criteria:

• type 1 diabetes;
• insulin treatment;
• uncontrolled hypertension (SBP > 160 mmHg and/or DBP >95 mmHg);
• pregnancy;
• other acute or chronic conditions influencing blood pressure and glucose metabolism.