Effects of a 12 Week Green Walking Intervention on Body Mass Index, Lipids Profile, Disease Perception, and Quality of Life in Patients With Myocardial Infarction: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Effects of a 12 Week Green Walking Intervention on Body Mass Index, Lipids Profile, Disease Perception, and Quality of Life in Patients With Myocardial Infarction: A Quasi-Experimental Study
In this quasi-experimental study, which involved having patients who had experienced a MI engage in 50 minute green walks three times a week for 12 weeks, the following hypotheses were tested: High-intensity interval green walking has the effect of reducing the anthropometric measurements of patients undergoing MI. High-intensity interval green walking has the effect of reducing LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels and increasing HDL levels of patients who have with MI. High-intensity interval green walking has a positive effect on the perception of disease of patients who have undergone MI. High-intensity interval green walking has an effect on improving the quality of life of patients with MI.
Research Question 1: What is the impact of green walking on the body mass index (BMI) of patients with MI? Research Question 2: How does green walking influence blood lipid levels (triglycerides, LDL, total cholesterol, and HDL) in patients with MI? Research Question 3: What is the effect of green walking on the perception of the disease in patients with MI? Research Question 4: How does green walking affect the quality of life of patients with MI? 2 Groups: Green walking group and control group
Setting and Time of the Study: The study population consisted of patients who were receiving outpatient care at the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic of X and Y State Hospital and had experienced a MI at least three months ago. To determine the appropriate sample size, a power analysis was conducted using the G*Power 3.1.9.6 program based on a previous study involving MI patients. The power analysis resulted in a sample size of 34 patients in total, with 17 patients allocated to each group. This sample size was determined to achieve 80% power, an effect size of 0.87, and a margin of error of 5%. However, considering that increasing the sample size would decrease the standard error and increase the study power, each group was increased by 75%. As a result, a total of 60 patients, with 30 patients in each group, were included in the study.
Due to the limited availability of myocardial infarction (MI) patients residing near green walking environments suitable for the intervention, participants in the experimental group were selected based on their geographical proximity to such areas. These 30 patients were receiving outpatient care at the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic of Y State Hospital and had experienced an MI at least three months prior. In contrast, the control group consisted of 30 MI patients from X State Hospital, located in an urban setting without access to green walking spaces, also selected based on outpatient follow-up and a history of MI at least three months earlier.Random assignment was not feasible due to logistical constraints related to the participants' residential locations. Instead, criterion sampling was used, whereby individuals meeting predefined inclusion criteria were selected. Although randomization was not possible, considerable efforts were made to ensure the comparability of the two groups. Both hospitals had similar infrastructures, were staffed by specialist cardiologists, and served populations with comparable demographic characteristics. Statistical analyses confirmed no significant differences between groups in terms of demographic and clinical variables, supporting the assumption of group equivalence. Additionally, both groups engaged in high-intensity intermittent physical activity, ensuring similarity in baseline activity levels.
Green Walk Group: The written consents of the green walking group were obtained before starting the study after the doctor's declaration was received. Patients who were admitted to the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic of Y State Hospital and passed the 6MWT conducted by the cardiology physician were eligible for participation in the green walk group. Following the physician's examination at the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic, the researcher conducted face-to-face interviews with the patients in a private room. During these interviews, the patients were administered the Structured Patient Information Form, Blood Lipids and BMI Monitoring Form, the Brief IPQ, and the MIDAS, and the collected data were recorded on the respective forms. Then, the researcher provided detailed information to the patients about green walking. Patients' choice of walking shoes before going on a green walk, whether their shoelaces are tied, whether they are wearing shoes of the appropriate size, etc. checked by the researcher. The researcher had a first aid kit (a patch, bandage, elastic bandage, large triangular bandage, cold compress bag, cotton, band-aid, disposable gloves, scissors, tweezers, pocket knife, vaseline, hand sanitizer, antiseptic solution, surgical mask, waste bag) ready for health problems that may develop during the green walking process. The green walking group was divided into two groups by the block randomization method. For the randomized MI patients, two groups were formed, and they engaged in a 50-minute green walking three days a week for 12 weeks, under the guidance of the researcher. The area close to the district center, easy to reach, passing by a stream and surrounded by trees was determined as a walking path. The walking path was two km long. Patients constantly used the same route for a green walking. A green walking track with a slope-free difficulty rating of one was selected, which is suitable for patients who have had a MI. Small gifts were given to encourage patients' participation in the green walking. The green walk group's walks were scheduled differently for the two subgroups. The first subgroup had their 50-minute walk on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday, while the second subgroup had their walks on Tuesday, Thursday, and Sunday. This arrangement ensured a standardized time interval between green walks for both groups. Additionally, a follow-up Blood Lipids and BMI Monitoring Form was administered to the patients during their visit to the Cardiology Polyclinic in the middle of the study (6th week). At the end of the 12-week period, the patients in the green walk group underwent a posttest evaluation.
Control Group: The written consents of the control walking group were obtained before starting the study. Patients who were admitted to the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic of X State Hospital and passed the 6MWT conducted by the cardiology physician were enrolled in the control group. Upon their visit to the outpatient clinic, the patients in this group underwent a face-to-face interview, during which they were administered the "Structured Patient Information Form," the "Blood Lipids and BMI Monitoring Form," the "Brief-IPQ," and the "MIDAS" as pretests. The information and data collected from these interviews were recorded on the respective forms. The patients in the control group continued with their routine daily activities. No specific intervention or additional measures were implemented by the investigator in this group. The researcher interacted with the patients in the control group during their Cardiology Polyclinic visits and answered the patients' questions. Furthermore, a follow-up "Blood Lipids and BMI Monitoring Form" was administered to the patients during their visit to the Cardiology Outpatient Clinic in the middle of the study (6th week). At the end of the 12-week period, the patients in the control group underwent a posttest.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: