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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Sun Yat-sen University | OTHER |
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The aim of this study An augmented reality (AR) simulation toothbrushing machine was developed to train proper brushing technique for children. The investigators aimed to evaluate the effects of AR brushing machine on knowledge of dental clearing skill, self-efficacy and dental plaque control in elementary schoolchildren in Taiwan.
A quasi-experimental design was conducted; ten intervention schools (AR group) and ten comparison schools were selected from elementary schools. Overall, grade 3-6 students in the AR group (n = 290) and the traditional group (n = 311), respectively. Students in the AR group received a two-time repeated AR-based training for 30 minutes at two-week intervals. Students in the CG received traditional classroom-based teaching. Baseline and follow-ups information was collected using dental plaque examinations and questionnaires. The generalized estimating equations(GEE) were used to evaluate the outcomes between two groups over time.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| AR group | Experimental | Student in AR group received a two-time repeated AR-based training for 30 minutes at two-week intervals. |
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| traditional group | Experimental | Students in the traditional group received a two-time repeated 10-minute lesson regarding proper toothbrushing skills in the classroom at two-week intervals. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR-toothbrush machine | Device | Student in AR group received a two-time repeated AR-based training for 30 minutes at two-week intervals. The AR-based training system (PVIX Oral, EPED) digitized the steps of the toothbrushing technique applying optical tracking technology to enable the participants to obtain immediate scoring after the completion of practice. The scoring depends on the level of removing simulated dental plaque. The AR system was equipped with an optical tracking unit, a 3D training head model, and a wireless toothbrush. The toothbrushing practice time for the upper and lower jaw is 3 minutes, respectively. A tooth-brushing song played while the students implemented. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque Control Record (PCR) | Each tooth is divided into six surfaces, and the PCR record is calculated ( range 0-100% ) | Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention |
| Plaque Control Record (PCR) | Each tooth is divided into six surfaces, and the PCR record is calculated ( range 0-100% ) | Change from Baseline at 4-week after intervention |
| Self-efficacy | 2 questions , e.g: I feel confident.Response 1 = strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Normal 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree | Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention |
| Self-efficacy | 2 questions , e.g: I feel confident.Response 1 = strongly disagree 2 = Disagree 3 = Normal 4 = agree 5 = strongly agree | Change from Baseline at 4-week after intervention |
| Skill of Toothbrushing | 5 questions , e.g: The toothbrush is pressed against the gums at a 45-degree angle.Response multiple choice | Change from Baseline at 2-week after intervention |
| Skill of Toothbrushing | 5 questions , e.g: The toothbrush is pressed against the gums at a 45-degree angle.Response multiple choice | Change from Baseline at 4-week after intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital | Kaohsiung City | 807 | Taiwan |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003773 | Dental Plaque |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003741 | Dental Deposits |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| Teach proper brushing skills | Behavioral | Students in the traditional group received a two-time repeated 10-minute lesson regarding proper toothbrushing skills in the classroom at two-week intervals. The students were taught by a well-trained dental hygienist using teaching aids (such as dental models, and toothbrushes). |
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