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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of augmented reality (AR) system training intervention of foreign care workers on the salivary biomarker and oral function of older people.
This randomized controlled trial included experimental group: AR group (EG-A) Video group (EG-B) and control group(CG), respectively. The EG-A will receive augmented reality (AR) system training intervention with AR tooth-cleaning skills session course add video-based oral hygiene education course . The EG-B receive video-based oral hygiene education course and The CG only receive only a leaflet.
A randomized experimental design was used. Female foreign care workers whose aged 21 to 65 years and by cared older peoples whose aged 65 to 75 years were recruited through community-based site of long-term care service in Kaohsiung city. Each group was expected for 12 care workers and by cared older peoples who each group. G*Power (version 3.1.9.4) was used for power analysis.
All foreign care workers whose participants will underwent questionnaire examination at baseline and at 1-month, 3-month, 6-month follow-ups. The information of foreign care workers regarding oral care cognition, attitude, self-efficacy, and oral care behavior intention will be collected by a self-report questionnaire before and after intervention.
Each by cared older peoples will be evaluation oral hygiene and function by oral hygienist, and will completed the questionnaire at baseline and at 1-month, 3-month and 6-month follow-up. Older people by cared will assess plaque control record (PCR), tongue coating index (TCI), repetitive saliva swallowing test (RSST), oral diadochokinetic (DDK), oral moisture degree (OMD),masticatory efficiency (MoE) and salivary biomarker at baseline (Time 1), three months (Time 2) and six months (Time 3) follow-ups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| experimental group (EG-A) | Experimental | Behavioral: The experimental of A group received a 40-minute AR tooth-cleaning skills session and a 50-minute video-based oral hygiene education course. |
|
| experimental group (EG-B) | Experimental | The experimental of B group received a 50-minute video-based oral hygiene education course. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | The CG only receive only a booklet of traditional classroom oral health education |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| oral care augmented reality (AR) | Device | Augmented reality (AR) is an extension of perceptible reality, whereby additional information, such as texts or virtual objects, can be displayed in the user's field of vision.The oral care augmented reality (AR) simulation training can train foreign care workers by switching languages (Indonesian) and therefore reduce language-related learning barriers. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Tongue Coating Index(TCI) | The tongue-coating status of 9 areas of tongue surfaces was recorded using the tongue coating index, as follows: Score 0: Tongue coating not visible. Score 1: Tongue coating thin, papillae of tongue visible. Score 2: Tongue coating very thick, papillae of tongue not visible. Range= 0 to 18 Score | Change from Baseline TCI at 1-month after intervention |
| Tongue Coating Index(TCI) | The tongue-coating status of 9 areas of tongue surfaces was recorded using the tongue coating index, as follows: Score 0: Tongue coating not visible. Score 1: Tongue coating thin, papillae of tongue visible. Score 2: Tongue coating very thick, papillae of tongue not visible. Range= 0 to 18 Score | Change from Baseline TCI at 3-month after intervention |
| Tongue Coating Index(TCI) | The tongue-coating status of 9 areas of tongue surfaces was recorded using the tongue coating index, as follows: Score 0: Tongue coating not visible. Score 1: Tongue coating thin, papillae of tongue visible. Score 2: Tongue coating very thick, papillae of tongue not visible. Range= 0 to 18 Score | Change from Baseline TCI at 6-month after intervention |
| Oral Dryness Status | The oral dryness status of saliva flow rate was recorded using the saxon test(Chew gauze sponge for 2 mins), as follows: Normal: 2.75 g/2min. Oral dryness: 2 g/2min. | Change from Baseline Oral Dryness Status at 1-month after intervention |
| Oral Dryness Status | The oral dryness status of saliva flow rate was recorded using the saxon test(Chew gauze sponge for 2 mins), as follows: Normal: 2.75 g/2min. Oral dryness: 2 g/2min. | Change from Baseline Oral Dryness Status at 3-month after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| GOHAI-T(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index-Taiwan) | The GOHAI-T of 12 questions was assessment using self-assessment oral health questionnaire. Have participants been totally unable to function" The scores ranged from one ("never") to five ("always"), with the total possible score ranging from 12 to 60. | Change from Baseline at 1 month after intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| leu k hsun, Master | Contact | +886-7-3121101 | 2159 | leu1026@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaohsiung Medical University | Recruiting | Kaohsiung City | Sanmin Dist | 807 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35207706 | Result | Chang AH, Lin PC, Lin PC, Lin YC, Kabasawa Y, Lin CY, Huang HL. Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Training on Oral Healthcare for Disabled Elderly Persons: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pers Med. 2022 Feb 4;12(2):218. doi: 10.3390/jpm12020218. |
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|
| video-based oral hygiene education course | Other | 50-minute video-based oral hygiene education course |
|
| Oral Dryness Status | The oral dryness status of saliva flow rate was recorded using the saxon test(Chew gauze sponge for 2 mins), as follows: Normal: 2.75 g/2min. Oral dryness: 2 g/2min. | Change from Baseline Oral Dryness Status at 6-month after intervention |
| Lip-Tongue Motor Function | The lip-tongue motor function status of count-by-time was recorded using the Oral diadochokinesis rate (lip-tongue function (Pa/ Ta /Ka) in syllables or times per 15 seconds), as follows: Pa:times/ per 15 seconds Ta:times /per 15 seconds Ka:times /per 15 seconds | Change from Baseline lip-tongue motor function Status at 1-month after intervention |
| Lip-Tongue Motor Function | The lip-tongue motor function status of count-by-time was recorded using the Oral diadochokinesis rate (lip-tongue function (Pa/ Ta /Ka) in syllables or times per 15 seconds), as follows: Pa:times/ per 15 seconds Ta:times /per 15 seconds Ka:times /per 15 seconds | Change from Baseline lip-tongue motor function Status at 3-month after intervention |
| Lip-Tongue Motor Function | The lip-tongue motor function status of count-by-time was recorded using the Oral diadochokinesis rate (lip-tongue function (Pa/ Ta /Ka) in syllables or times per 15 seconds), as follows: Pa:times/ per 15 seconds Ta:times /per 15 seconds Ka:times /per 15 seconds | Change from Baseline lip-tongue motor function Status at 6-month after intervention |
| Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) | The tongue pressure of 3 times pressure average was recorded using the Maximum tongue pressure test, as follows:
Average of maximum tongue pressure in 3 times. | Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 1-month after intervention |
| Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) | The tongue pressure of 3 times pressure average was recorded using the Maximum tongue pressure test, as follows:
Average of maximum tongue pressure in 3 times. | Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 2-month after intervention |
| Maximum tongue pressure (MTP) | The tongue pressure of 3 times pressure average was recorded using the Maximum tongue pressure test, as follows:
Average of maximum tongue pressure in 3 times. | Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 3-month after intervention |
| Masticatory Function | The mixing ability was assessed using color-changeable chewing gum (Masticatory Performance Evaluating Gum XYLITOL, Lotte, Tokyo, Japan) , as follows: To chew as usual on the gum 120 seconds. The chewing rhythm was kept constant at once per second.color scale consisting of five intermediate colors .
| Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 1-month after intervention status at 3-month after intervention |
| Masticatory Function | The mixing ability was assessed using color-changeable chewing gum (Masticatory Performance Evaluating Gum XYLITOL, Lotte, Tokyo, Japan) , as follows: To chew as usual on the gum 120 seconds. The chewing rhythm was kept constant at once per second.color scale consisting of five intermediate colors .
| Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 3-month after intervention status at 3-month after intervention |
| Masticatory Function | The mixing ability was assessed using color-changeable chewing gum (Masticatory Performance Evaluating Gum XYLITOL, Lotte, Tokyo, Japan) , as follows: To chew as usual on the gum 120 seconds. The chewing rhythm was kept constant at once per second.color scale consisting of five intermediate colors .
| Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 6-month after intervention status at 3-month after intervention |
| Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST) | The swallowing function states of times complete swallowing within 30 seconds was recorded using the Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST), as follows: participation was asked to swallow saliva as many times as possible for 30 s, while deglutition is counted through palpation of the larynx. | Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 1-month after intervention |
| Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST) | The swallowing function states of times complete swallowing within 30 seconds was recorded using the Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST), as follows: participation was asked to swallow saliva as many times as possible for 30 s, while deglutition is counted through palpation of the larynx. | Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 3-month after intervention |
| Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST) | The swallowing function states of times complete swallowing within 30 seconds was recorded using the Saliva Swallowing Test(RSST), as follows: participation was asked to swallow saliva as many times as possible for 30 s, while deglutition is counted through palpation of the larynx. | Change from Baseline Change from Baseline Maximum tongue pressure status at 6-month after intervention |
| GOHAI-T(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index-Taiwan) | The GOHAI-Scale of 12 questions was assessment using self-assessment oral health questionnaire. Have participants been totally unable to function" The scores ranged from one ("never") to five ("always"), with the total possible score ranging from 12 to 60. | Change from Baseline at 3 month after intervention |
| GOHAI-T(Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index-Taiwan) | The GOHAI-Scale of 12 questions was assessment using self-assessment oral health questionnaire. Have participants been totally unable to function" The scores ranged from one ("never") to five ("always"), with the total possible score ranging from 12 to 60. | Change from Baseline at 6 month after intervention |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014987 | Xerostomia |
| D009912 | Oral Manifestations |
| D003680 | Deglutition Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012466 | Salivary Gland Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D004935 | Esophageal Diseases |
| D005767 | Gastrointestinal Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
| D010608 | Pharyngeal Diseases |
| D010038 | Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases |
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