A Comparison of Intravascular Penetration With Curved Needle and Straight Needle During S1 STE

A Comparison of Intravascular Penetration With Curved Needle and Straight Needle During Sacral 1 Transforaminal Epidural Block

The goal of this observational study is to compare in intravasation rate during S1 transforaminal epidural injection between using a straight needle and a curved needle. The main question it aims to answer are:

The main question it aims to answer is:

• whether there is a difference in intravascular rate between using a straight needle and a curved needle in S1 transforaminal epidural injection

Participants in this study will be randomly assigned to receive an S1 transforaminal epidural injection using either a straight needle or a curved needle. The researchers will then observe the intravasation rate and compare it between the two groups.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients scheduled for a lumbar 1 epidural nerve block in the outpatient department of anesthesiology and pain medicine at Kyungpook National University Hospital.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with a history of allergy to local anesthetics or steroids
2. Patients with a history of allergy to contrast media
3. Patients with a bleeding tendency
4. Patients with symptoms of infection in the sacroiliac region
5. Patients under 18 years of age or over 80 years of age
6. Patients who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant
7. Other medically incapable of consent, such as the mentally retarded.

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