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Caudal epidural injection (CEI) is effective for spinal pain. However, intravascular injection may occur during CEI, which can lead to hematoma, neurologic deficit and local anesthetics systemic toxicity. Whitacre type needle has been reported to be effective for reducing intravascular injection during transforaminal epidural injection. In this study, we compared the Chiba needle and Whitacre needle on incidence of intravascular injection during CEI.
A total of 164 caudal epidural injections were performed in patients with disc herniation or spinal stenosis on lumbosacral region. Patients were randomly allocated to Group Whitacre (n=82) and Group Chiba (n=82). Patients in Group Whitacre received caudal epidural injection using Whitacre type needle and those in Group Chiba received the procedure using Chiba type needle. Intravascular injection was assessed with blood aspiration and angiography during real-time fluoroscopy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group Whitacre | Active Comparator | Group whitacre receives the whitacre needle during caudal block |
|
| Group Chiba | Experimental | Group chiba receives the chiba needle during caudal block |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| needle (Chiba) | Device | intravascular injection using chiba needle during caudal epidural block |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| incidence of intravascular injection | incidence of intravascular injection during caudal block | 5 minute |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Younghoon Jeon | Kyungpook National University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kyungpook National University Hospital | Daegu | 700-721 | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009339 | Needles |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004864 | Equipment and Supplies |
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| needle (Whitacre) | Device | intravascular injection using whitacre needle during caudal epidural block |
|