In this study, patients with various causes of pupillary dilatation were recruited, and medical records and ophthalmology examinations, including slit-lamp examination, visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, pupil diameter, corneal endothelial cell count, fundus examination, and photophobia score, were collected. Those who met the recruitment criteria underwent modified iris cerclage pupilloplasty. The modified iris cerclage pupilloplasty was performed by making four clear corneal incisions, suturing the iris 3-4 times consecutively between each two incisions, completing 360 degrees of iris suturing in sequence, and finally tying the knot intraocularly to complete the iris cerclage.

Inclusion Criteria:

• diagnosis of aphakia
• permanently dilated pupils
• history of phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy surgeries for lens dislocation after blunt trauma

Exclusion Criteria:

• iris defects
• severe diseases such as cyclodialysis cleft, uncontrolled IOP, retinal detachment
• poorly controlled systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension
• corneal endothelial cell counts of <1000/mm2
• <6 months of follow-up