The aim of the study is to investigate sex-specific differences in LV and RV function (systolic and diastolic) with regarding the development and progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on a retrospective data analysis. Lifestyle modification factors will be assessed for multivariate analyses in order to detect influencing factors. Progression will be analysed in a retrospective time series analysis.

Compared to men, women show a different cardiovascular risk profile, In this context, it has already been shown that mortality in women with cardiovascular diseases is increased. Along with this, there are first indications of an echocardiographic altered cardiac function. It was shown that women are more prone to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, the underlying mechanisms and driving factors have not yet been fully explored. Moreover, the role of associated factors such as smoking, bodyweight or cardiovascular risk factors and menopause status remain nut fully understood.

In this project differences differences in sex-specific LV and RV function depending on defined risk factors will be investigated. For this purpose, a retrospective follow-up analysis willl be carried out. This is based on test results from patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography in the echocardiography department of the Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology University Hospital Düsseldorf.

The aim is to evaluate possible differences in the sex-specific risk profile. This may allow us to define the cardiovascular risk profile in dependence from each sex more concretely.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who underwent at least one transthoracic echocardiography in between 2019-2022

Exclusion Criteria:

• < 18 years

Patients that underwent transthoracic echocardiography in the department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Vascular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf.