Acute Effects of Juice Consumption With Biofunctional Compounds and Probiotics on Glucose Metabolism

Acute Effects of Fruit Juice Enriched With Vitamin D3 or n-3 Fatty Acids or Probiotics and the Combination of the Three Ingredients on Glucose Metabolism in Healthy Adults

This study investigated the short-term effects of fruit juice enriched with Vitamin D3 or n-3 PUFA or probiotics and the combination of the three ingredients on glucose metabolism.

This study aimed to 1. Determine the glycemic index and glycemic load of mixed fruit juice (pomegranate, grape, apple, and orange) enriched with Vitamin D3 or n-3 PUFA or probiotics, and the combination of the three bio-functional ingredients, compared to regular mixed fruit juice and the reference food (D-glucose), and 2.Examine the short-term effects of the five mixed fruit juices on postprandial blood glucose and salivary insulin responses, blood pressure, and subjective appetite, in healthy adults.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy
• Non-smoking
• Non-diabetic men and women
• Body mass index between 18.5 and 25 kg.m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Severe chronic disease (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, kidney or liver conditions, endocrine conditions)
• Gastrointestinal disorders
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
• Competitive sports
• Alcohol abuse
• Drug dependency