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Aim of the study is to investigate the impact of orange juice consumption (with meals or between meals) as well as sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption (between meals) on glucose homeostasis and antioxidative status.
Duration of the study is 3x three weeks including one wash-out week each followed by two weeks of juice/SSB consumption under free living conditions.
During wash-out weeks consumption of orange juice or citrus fruits is restricted.
During intervention weeks, participants are asked to eat three regular meals per day without snacking. Intervention weeks are (i) orange juice consumption with meals (ii) orange juice consumption between meals and (iii) SSB consumption between meals. Daily energy intake with orange juice/SSB is 20% of individual energy requirement. Additional caloric beverages (SSB, juice, coffee with sugar/milk, alcohol) are not allowed. At the beginning and the end of each intervention phase insulin sensitivity and antioxidative status are assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Orange juice with meals | Experimental | Effect of orange juice consumption with three meals per day (without snacking) on glucose metabolism and antioxidative status |
|
| Orange juice between meals | Experimental | Effect of orange juice consumption between three meals per day (without snacking) on glucose metabolism and antioxidative status |
|
| Sugar sweetened beverage between meals | Experimental | Effect of sugar sweetened beverage consumption between three meals per day (without snacking) on glucose metabolism and antioxidative status |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orange juice with meals | Dietary Supplement | orange juice (20% of energy requirement/day) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| changes in daylong glycaemia between pre and post intervention periods | measured via continuous glucose monitoring [mg/dL] | two weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| changes in uric acid between pre and post intervention periods | measured via uric acid serum levels [mg/dL] | two weeks |
| changes in insulin sensitivity between pre and post intervention periods |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anja Bosy-Westphal, Prof PhD | University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim | Stuttgart | 70599 | Germany |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D062407 | Meals |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
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| Orange juice between meals | Dietary Supplement | orange juice (20% of energy requirement/day) |
|
| Sugar sweetened beverage between meals | Dietary Supplement | Sugar sweetened beverage (20% of energy requirement/day) |
|
measured via "Matsuda-Index" from oral glucose tolerance test data
| two weeks |
| changes in antioxidative status between pre and post intervention periods | measured via vitamin c blood levels [mg/L] | two weeks |