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The study is a cross-sectional-descriptive study. Cases who met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, were active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers will be included. The subjects will be given the maximal voluntary breath-hold test, the 6-minute walk test, and the 30-second sit-and-stand test, and will be asked to answer questions about smoking. The physical conditions of the groups will be compared.
The study is a cross-sectional-descriptive study. Cases who met the inclusion criteria, agreed to participate in the study voluntarily, were active smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers will be included. Active smoking, passive smoking status and non-smoker status of the cases will be determined within the framework of the definitions given below.
The subjects will be given the maximal voluntary breath-hold test, the 6-minute walk test, and the 30-second sit-and-stand test, and will be asked to answer questions about smoking.The physical conditions of the groups will be compared.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active smokers | Having smoked at least 1 cigarette per day for at least 2 years. |
| |
| Pasive smokers | Being exposed to secondhand smoke for more than 15 minutes at home, school, office or anywhere in the past year, once a week. |
| |
| Non-smokers | Not being an active or passive smoker. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Smoking | Other | Being active smoker |
| |
| Passive smoker |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Six-minute walking test | The subject will be asked to walk for 6 minutes on a flat surface of 30 meters and the distance covered will be recorded. The test will be performed in accordance with the American Thoracic Society guidelines | 1 day |
| Maximal voluntary breath-hold time | The maximum voluntary breath-hold test is a quick and simple test that consists of measuring the apnea time after a deep inspiration. The clinical utility of this test has been proven in certain respiratory pathologies. In the test, the subject will be seated in a chair with back support, a deep inspiration will be asked, and the breath-holding time will be recorded in seconds. The test will be repeated three times with sufficient rest periods in between, and the longest time will be analyzed. | 1 day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Thirty Seconds Sit and Stand test | During the test, the individual performs the sit-stand-sit maneuver from a standard height chair within 30 seconds without using his arms as much as possible. The number of sitting and standing up during this period is recorded. | 1 day |
| Fagerstrom Nicotine Addiction Test |
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Inclusion Criteria for Active Smokers
Inclusion Criteria for the Passive Smoker Group
Inclusion Criteria for the Non-Smoker Group
Exclusion Criteria:
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Active, pasive smoker and non-smoker volunters
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| ESRA PEHLİVAN | Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esra Pehlivan | Istanbul | Üsküdar | 34668 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016540 | Smoking Cessation |
| D012907 | Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Other |
Being exposed to secondhand smoke |
|
| Non-smoker | Other | Not being an active or passive smoker. |
|
Dependence analysis will be performed on smokers according to the Fagerström nicotine addiction test and the scales for evaluating the psychological dependence of cigarettes. It is a six-question questionnaire created by revising the Fagerstrom tolerance questionnaire. In the scoring made according to the answers given to the questions, 0-2 points is called very mild addiction and 8-10 points is called very severe addiction |
| 1 day |
| Evaluation scale of psychological dependence on cigarette | It is a scale used in the evaluation of psychological dependence on cigarettes. The possible scores range from 25 to 75. As the scale score increases, the degree of psychological dependence increases; Scoring; 25-41 score: mildly addicted 42-58 score: moderate addiction | 1 day |