Not provided
| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| O6U.P.T.REC/024/003002 | Registry Identifier | october 6 university |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Background: Smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for respiratory diseases, affecting both lung function and overall respiratory health. The harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke, contribute to airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural lung damage.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises on maximal oxygen consumption, pulmonary functions, oxygen saturation, functional capacity, and perceived exertion in young adult smokers. Subjects and procedures: Forty male smokers were recruit-ed from Nahda university. Their age ranged between 18-30 years. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups equal in number. Study Group: They participated in 6 weeks training with Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises (3 sessions per week) Control group: They weren't exposed to any intervention. Both groups were assessed by using pulse oximeter to measure oxy-gen saturation, Spirostilk to measure pulmonary functions, Borg scale to measure perceived exertion and six-minute walk test to measure functional capacity and maximal oxygen consumption.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| control group | No Intervention | smokers didn't receive any intervention just measurement at the start of the study and at the end of the study | |
| study group | Experimental | Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buteyko breathing exercise combined with postural stability exercises | Other | BBE: The therapist instructs the patient to sit comfortably, breathing naturally through the nose. They should hold their breath until the need to inhale arises, then exhale through the nasal passage. The patient maintains a straight back with feet shoulder-width apart, eyes closed, breathing calmly. After 20-30 seconds, they repeat the exercises for 3 minutes, followed by another pause and repetition. This is done for another 3 minutes, ending with a 2-minute rest before the next session. Duration: 15 minutes. PSE :Warming up phase: shoulder circles and twist torso during walking for 5 minutes. Training phase include 10-15 reps per set, 2-4 sets per exercise,30-60 seconds rest period between sets. Cooling down phase includes hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds, 2-4 reps per per side and rest for 15-30 seconds between reps. Bridging Side-lying leg raise Wall push-ups Lateral trunk flexion Chin tuck Stretch pectoralis major muscle,upper trapezius & SCM All these for 3/week for 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| maximal oxygen consumption | it is the highest rate at which the body can take in, transport, and utilize oxygen during intense exercise. It is considered a key indicator of cardiovascular fitness and endurance performance. Measured in: Milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (ml/kg/min). it was calculated by estimated method from six minute walk test by this equation 12.701 + (0.06 × 6-minute walk distance m) - (0.732 × body mass indexkg/m2) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| oxygen saturation | it refers to the percentage of hemoglobin molecules saturated with oxygen.Pulse oximetry is a simple, non-invasive, widely available medical tool that measures SpO2 through a device attached to a finger, a toe or an ear lobe. | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks |
| forced viral capacity |
Not provided
inclusion criteria
exclusion criteria
In many populations, especially in developing countries, smoking is more common among men than women.This means:It's easier to recruit enough male participants & The sample better reflects the main smoking population To Avoid Hormonal and Biological Variability
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faculty of physical therapy Nahda University | Banī Suwayf | Egypt |
Not provided
Treatment group and control group
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
Spirometry was used to forced vital capacity (FVC) |
| From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks |
| perceived rate of exertion | Measurement of PRE by Modified Borg scale It was used to rate how hard a person feels they are working from 0 to10 0 = No exertion at all & 10 = Maximal exertion | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks |
| Functional capacity | It was used to assess the cardiopulmonary fitness of the individuals. it is measured from 6-MWT | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 weeks |
| the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 Second to forced vital capacity | Spirometry: was used to assess the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 Second (FEV₁) to forced vital capacity (FEV₁ /FVC) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week |
| forced expiratory volume in 1 Second | Spirometry was used to assess forced expiratory volume in 1 Second (FEV₁) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week |
| Maximum voluntary ventilation | Spirometry was used to assess maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) | From enrollment to the end of treatment at 6 week |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073865 | Cigarette Smoking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073869 | Tobacco Smoking |
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D064424 | Tobacco Use |
Not provided
Not provided