IV and Intrathecal Ketamine in Cesarean Section

Comparison Between the Analgesic Effects of Intrathecal Versus Intravenous Ketamine After Spinal Anaesthesia for Elective Caesarean Delivery :a Randomised Trial

In the current study, the investigators will compare the effects of low-dose intravenous (i.v.) ketamine versus intrathecal Ketamine added to spinal anesthesia on the time to first request for analgesia and maternal pain scores and overall satisfaction in patients undergoing cesarean section.

Inclusion criteria:

• Pregnant undergoing elective cesarean section

Exclusion Criteria

• Significant coexisting diseases (pregnancy-induced hypertension or diabetes)
• body mass index ≥40kg/m2, height <150cm
• Current use of pain medication including opioids
• history of substance abuse or hallucinations, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, multiple gestations
• chronic pain was excluded.
• contraindications to spinal anaesthesia,
• severely compromised fetus requiring general anesthesia and those patients who received labor analgesia