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This randomized double blind study will be conducted in pregnant woman planned for non elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Ketamine group will receive intravenous 0.25 mg/kg and placebo group will receive same amount of normal saline after spinal anesthesia prior to skin incision. Postoperative outcomes measures are total opioid consumption and pain scores for 24 hrs.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| analgesic effects of ketamine | Experimental | the experimental group will receive ketamine intravenously at 0.25 mg per kg before skin incision. |
|
| placebo | Placebo Comparator | they will receive same volume of 0.9% normal saline as calculated for experimental group before skin incision. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ketamine | Drug | the analgesic affects of ketamine will be compared between the experimental and placebo group. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Total opioid requirement postoperatively | Total opioid required up to 24 postoperatively in ketamine and placebo group. | 24 hrs |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative numerator rating scores(NRS)up to 24 hrs . postoperative ) | • Postoperative NRS Scores (on arrival to Post operative care unit), 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h ).The NRS ranges from 0- 10 and 0 refers to no pain and 10 means extreme possible pain perceived. | 24 hrs |
| Time to first perception of pain |
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Inclusion Criteria:
• All women at term(>or =37 weeks of gestation)
Exclusion Criteria:
• Women with American society of anesthesiologist physical status>2
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS) | Dharān | Koshi | 56700 | Nepal |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34193480 | Derived | Adhikari P, Subedi A, Sah BP, Pokharel K. Analgesic effects of intravenous ketamine after spinal anaesthesia for non-elective caesarean delivery: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open. 2021 Jun 30;11(6):e044168. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044168. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007649 | Ketamine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003510 | Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
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| Placebo | Drug | the analgesic requirement will be calculated in placebo group. |
|
Time to first perception of pain |
| 24 hrs |
| Incidence of side effects | Incidence of post operative nausea and vomiting, shivering, sedation scores, side effects related to ketamine during the first 24h | 24 hrs |
| D006838 |
| Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |