Analgesia Effects of Intravenous Ketamine After Spinal Anesthesia for Non-elective Cesarean Section

Analgesia Effects of Intravenous Ketamine After Spinal Anesthesia for Non-elective Cesarean Section

This randomized double blind study will be conducted in pregnant woman planned for non elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Ketamine group will receive intravenous 0.25 mg/kg and placebo group will receive same amount of normal saline after spinal anesthesia prior to skin incision. Postoperative outcomes measures are total opioid consumption and pain scores for 24 hrs.

Inclusion Criteria:

• • All women at term(>or =37 weeks of gestation)

  • Healthy
  • American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) class1 and 2
  • Women undergoing non-elective caesarean section whose anesthetic plan is for spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl

Exclusion Criteria:

• • Women with American society of anesthesiologist physical status>2

  • Body mass index >or =40 kg per square meter
  • Height <150 cm
  • Any contraindication to the spinal anesthesia
  • History of substance abuse
  • History of hallucinations
  • Chronic opioid therapy
  • Chronic pain or on any pain medication currently
  • Patient with maternal complications,like cardiovascular disease pre-eclampsia,diabetes,multiple gestation,known fetal abnormality
  • Cases with severely compromised fetus where immediate administration of general anesthesia is required.