In summary, with the help of single-cell sequencing technology, this study aims to focus on elucidating the influence of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell metabolic changes on microenvironment remodeling. With the help of hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment changes, this study provide a more accurate diagnosis and treatment method for HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)), with evidence of histological or cytological diagnosis, or with HCC meeting conventional clinical diagnostic criteria.
• Both sexes, aged 18-80 years old
• The results of HBVDNA test were in line with the inclusion criteria
• The patient had at least one measurable lesion according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, version 1.1 (RECIST V1.1)
• Agreed to comply with the study protocol for treatment and follow-up, agreed to provide clinicopathological and follow-up data required by the study, and agreed to use the study data for subsequent research and product development

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other malignant tumors;
• Patients with severe organic diseases do not meet the requirements of infectious liver cancer in this study;
• Suffering from mental illness cannot guarantee the compliance of this study;
• Previous recipients of any cell or organ transplantation;
• Received local regional liver therapy (including various ablations, percutaneous ethanol or acetic acid injections, high-intensity focused ultrasound, transarterial embolization, chemotherapy, or chemoembolization plus embolization) within 14 days prior to study treatment initiation.

A total of 20 patients with primary liver cancer, including 40 single cell sequencing samples (20 cases of liver cancer tissue and 20 cases of paired peripheral blood), were planned to be included and divided into 5 groups. Groups 1-4 were primary liver cancer complicated with hepatitis B infection, and group 5 were hepatitis B negative liver cancer patients.