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Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia are common internal diseases, and all diseases are atherosclerosis risk factors. Previous studies applied color fundus photography to analyze retinal vascular changes (including exudation, hemorrhage, neovascularization, etc.) in patients with hypertension or diabetes, but the examination results could not be quantified.
This study intends to apply optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to examine retinal vessels. This method has the following advantages: 1) It can quantify vascular changes, and 2) It is noninvasive and reproducible for patients' follow-up.
This study was designed to investigate retinal vascular changes in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia on OCTA. We will collect the patients' general information (gender, age), comorbidities, medications, blood lipids, blood glucose, carotid ultrasound, ankle-brachial index, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, color fundus photography, and OCTA results. We will follow up with the patients for five years and conduct the mentioned examinations once a year. We will also investigate the correlation between systemic atherosclerosis (such as coronary artery stenosis, and carotid artery stenosis) and retinal vasculopathy in patients with these diseases.
Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia, who go to the department of geriatric medicine, Beijing Tongren Hospital from March 2022 to December 2023 will be included. We will collect general information, comorbidities, medication, laboratory tests, and examination results. These patients will be followed up for 5 years with a yearly collection of comorbidities, medication, laboratory tests, and examination results.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hypertension | No intervention |
| |
| Diabetes mellitus | No intervention |
| |
| Dyslipidemia | No intervention |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No intervention | Other | No intervention |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Vascular density of the retina | percent | up to 5 years of follow-up. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size of the retina | mm2 | When participating in the study, and once a year during 5 years of follow-up. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients in the geriatric department of Beijing Tongren Hospital, China. Beijing Tongren Hospital is a third-class hospital.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yu He, MD | Contact | +861058268320 | bluelight323@126.com | |
| Ma Jinbao, MD | Contact | +861058268320 | majinbao77@sina.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beijing Tongren Hospital | Recruiting | Beijing | Beijing Municipality | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40597972 | Derived | Ma JB, Qin MZ, Cao K, Zhang YP, Guo CX. Control of blood pressure and blood glucose levels has important clinical significance to the retina. BMC Ophthalmol. 2025 Jul 1;25(1):368. doi: 10.1186/s12886-025-04164-y. | |
| 39285295 | Derived | He Y, Qin MZ, Cao K, Zhang YP, Jiao X, Zhang Z, Wang GH, Liu Q, Liu Q, Ma JB, Jiang X, Guo CX. Assessment of the impact of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on retinal vessels using optical coherence tomography angiography. Lipids Health Dis. 2024 Sep 16;23(1):301. doi: 10.1186/s12944-024-02287-7. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006973 | Hypertension |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D050171 | Dyslipidemias |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D052439 | Lipid Metabolism Disorders |