This is a large-scale study in China to provide evidence and insights in the role of gender in LT for HCC by analyzing the data of 3769 recipients with HCC registered in the China Liver Transplant Registry.

Inclusion Criteria:

The patients with liver transplants performed from January 2015 to December 2020, whose clinicopathological data were registered in the CLTR.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with following features were excluded: with concurrent other malignancies, pathologically-confirmed tumor types other than HCC, such as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC), fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) or secondary metastatic tumor; without histological confirmation of HCC for transplantation. The patients who received living donor liver transplantation, split liver transplantation, reduced-size liver transplantation or simultaneous transplantation were also excluded. Next, pediatric patients (<18 years) or senile patients (>65 years) and those patients who died within six months after transplantation were also excluded. Finally, the patients with type-1 and type-2 portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), tumor metastasis, having doubtful or contradictory data or missing essential data for analysis, re-transplantation during follow-up time were excluded as well.

A total of 3769 HCC patients underwent liver transplant with the age between 18-65 years old were studied.