Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Nordic walking in water would more advantage than normal daily life in cerebrovascular function and cognitive function in elderly with type 2 diabetes.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nordic walking in water | Experimental | The groups trained Nordic walking in water |
|
| No exercise intervention | No Intervention | The groups did not receive exercise |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nordic walking in water | Other | Nordic walking in water will be based on nordic walking in water at temperature 34◦C. Nordic walking in water will be conducted at moderate intensity (40-60% heart rate reserve). The program was exercised 60 minutes include warm-up and cool down. At first 6 weeks, The exercise intensity was 40-50% heart rate reserve and it will be increased 50-60% heart rate reserve. The training program will be performed 3 times per week for 12 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| General physiological data | 1.Blood pressure in mmHg will be measured with automated blood pressure device (CARESCAPE V100, GE Dinamap). | Change from baseline systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure at 12 weeks. |
| Heart rate | Heart rate in beats per minute will be measured with automated blood pressure device (CARESCAPE V100, GE Dinamap). | Change from baseline heart rate at 12 weeks. |
| ฺBody fat | Body fat in percent will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcare). | Change from baseline body fat at 12 weeks. |
| Muscle mass and Weight | Muscle mass and weight in kilograms will be measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Prodigy-Pro, GE healthcare). | Change from baseline muscle mass and weight at 12 weeks. |
| Arterial stiffness | Arterial stiffness will be measured with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in centimeter per second (VP-1000 plus, omrom Healthcare). | Change from baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity at 12 weeks. |
| Macro vascular function | Macro vascular function will be measured by brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation in percent with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). | Change from baseline brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation at 12 weeks. |
| Cerebral blood flow |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Waist circumference | Waist circumference in centimeters will be measure by waist tape | Change from baseline waist circumference at 12 weeks |
| Flexibility testing | Flexibility testing will be measure by Chair sit & reach protocol and Back scratch in centimeters. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daroonwan Suksom, Ph.D. | Contact | 081-3415736 | Daroonwan.S@chula.ac.th |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Daroonwan Suksom, Ph.D. | Faculty of Sport Science Chulalongkorn University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University | Recruiting | Pathum Wan | Bangkok | 10330 | Thailand |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000088783 | Nordic Walking |
| D014867 | Water |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016138 | Walking |
| D008124 | Locomotion |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| No exercise intervention | Other | This group wasn't receive intervention program. The participants in this group will do following a physician who treat them. They can exercise according to the physician recommend. |
|
Cerebral blood flow in centimeter per second will be measured with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). |
| Change from baseline cerebral blood flow at 12 weeks. |
| Cerebrovascular conductance index | Cerebrovascular conductance index in cm/sec/mmHg will be measured with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). | Change from baseline cerebrovascular conductance index at 12 weeks. |
| Cerebrovascular reactivity index | Cerebrovascular reactivity index in %cm/sec/mmHg will be measured with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). | Change from baseline cerebrovascular reactivity index at 12 weeks. |
| Arterial compliance | Arterial compliance in units will be measure by carotid diameter during systolic and diastolic with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips) and systemic blood pressure with (VP-1000 plus, omrom Healthcare). | Change from baseline Arterial compliance at 12 weeks. |
| Pulsatility index | Pulsatility index in units will be measure with ultrasonography equipment (EPIQ 5G, Phillips). | Change from baseline Pulsatility index at 12 weeks. |
| Montreal Cognitive Assessment | Montreal Cognitive Assessment in score (0 - 30 scores) cut off below 25 scores that indicate impairment cognitive function. | Change from baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 12 weeks. |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | Mini-Mental State Examination in scores (0 - 30 scores) cut off below 25 scores that indicate impairment cognitive function. | Change from baseline Mini-Mental State Examination at 12 weeks. |
| Trail Making Test-B and Stroop test | Trail Making Test-B in second cut off below 101 seconds that indicate dementia. Stroop test in second will be measured with EncephalApp Stroop test. | Change from baseline Trail Making Test-B and Stroop test at 12 weeks. |
| Change from baseline Chair sit & reach and Back scratch at 12 weeks. |
| Muscle strength testing | Muscle strength testing will be measured by arm-curl test and chair stand test in repetitions in 30 seconds. | Change from baseline arm-curl and chair stand at 12 weeks. |
| Balance testing | Balance testing will be measured by time up and go testing in seconds. | Change from baseline time up and go at 12 weeks. |
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | Cardiopulmonary fitness will be measure by 2-minutes step test in repetitions. | Change from baseline 2-minutes step at 12 weeks. |
| Cardiopulmonary fitness | Cardiopulmonary fitness will be measure by 6-minutes walk test in meters. | Change from baseline 6-minutes walk at 12 weeks. |
| Fasting blood sugar | Fasting blood sugar in mg/dl will be measure with enzymatic assay using hexokinase reaction. | Change from baseline fasting blood sugar at 12 weeks. |
| Glycosylated hemoglobin | Glycosylated hemoglobin in percent will be measure with enzymatic assay using hexokinase reaction. | Change from baseline Glycosylated hemoglobin at 12 weeks. |
| Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance | Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance in units will be calculated with Fasting blood sugar and insulin. | Change from baseline Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance at 12 weeks. |
| Lipid profile | Lipid profile will be measure by cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein in mg/dl. | Change from baseline cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, and low density lipoprotein at 12 weeks. |
| Tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and malondialdehyde | Tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and malondialdehyde in pg/ml will be measure with ELISA assay kit. | Change from baseline tumor necrosis factor alpha, adiponectin, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and malondialdehyde at 12 weeks. |
| Nitric oxide | Nitric oxide in µM will measured with standard Griess reagents. | Change from baseline Nitric oxide at 12 weeks. |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D055687 |
| Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D006878 | Hydroxides |
| D000468 | Alkalies |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D000838 | Anions |
| D007477 | Ions |
| D004573 | Electrolytes |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |