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difficult to recruit patients
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The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of endometrium during window of implantation between natural cycles and artificial cycles.
Due to progress of embryo vitrification in recent years, frozen embryo transfer (FET) of in vitro fertilization (IVF) has already been a world trend. The most used two protocols of FET are natural cycles (NCs) and artificial cycles (ACs). Recent studies showed that IVF outcomes of NCs were superior to ACs. We hypothesized that the result may be because of better endometrial receptivity of NCs compared to ACs. In NCs, no hormonal agents were administrated. Thus, endometrial receptivity was not disturbed by hormone and became better. However, there were few studies to explore the issue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of endometrium during window of implantation (WOI) between NCs and ACs.
The study will be performed from July 1st, 2022 to December 31th, 2023 in our reproductive center. We plan to enroll 60 infertile women who have underwent IVF cycles and would like to receive endometrial receptivity assay. We divide the participants into two groups, NCs and ACs. In NCs, no hormonal agents will be used. We identify ovulation day via serial hormone data and sample endometrium during WOI (LH surge + 7 days). In ACs, first, estrogen will be given for 10~14 days and then transvaginal sonography will be conducted. When endometrial thickness reaches 8 mm at least, progesterone will be prescribed. Endometrium is sampled during WOI (P4 + 5 days). We will record basic characteristics, infertility history, hormone data, ovarian reserve and endometrial thickness of infertile women in both groups. Endometrial samples will be assessed miRNA, implantation factors, uterine NK cells and T cells in both groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural cycles | Endometrium will be sampled at the day of LH surge + 7 days. | ||
| Artificial cycles | Endometrium will be sampled at the day of P4 + 5 days. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Expression of endometrium | miRNA | through study completion, an average of 1.5 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Implantation factors of endometrium | HOXA10 | through study completion, an average of 1.5 year |
| Immune cells of endometrium | Uterine NK cells |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Infertile women aged 30-44 years with implantation failure at least two times
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Li-Te Lin | Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital | Kaohsiung City | 81362 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27480540 | Result | Teh WT, McBain J, Rogers P. What is the contribution of embryo-endometrial asynchrony to implantation failure? J Assist Reprod Genet. 2016 Nov;33(11):1419-1430. doi: 10.1007/s10815-016-0773-6. Epub 2016 Aug 1. | |
| 29889670 | Result | Bellver J, Simon C. Implantation failure of endometrial origin: what is new? Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Aug;30(4):229-236. doi: 10.1097/GCO.0000000000000468. |
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Endometrium during the period of window of implantation will be corrected.
| through study completion, an average of 1.5 year |
| 31352621 | Result | Neves AR, Devesa M, Martinez F, Garcia-Martinez S, Rodriguez I, Polyzos NP, Coroleu B. What is the clinical impact of the endometrial receptivity array in PGT-A and oocyte donation cycles? J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019 Sep;36(9):1901-1908. doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01535-5. Epub 2019 Jul 27. |
| 32974805 | Result | Cozzolino M, Diaz-Gimeno P, Pellicer A, Garrido N. Evaluation of the endometrial receptivity assay and the preimplantation genetic test for aneuploidy in overcoming recurrent implantation failure. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020 Dec;37(12):2989-2997. doi: 10.1007/s10815-020-01948-7. Epub 2020 Sep 24. |
| 32723696 | Result | Simon C, Gomez C, Cabanillas S, Vladimirov I, Castillon G, Giles J, Boynukalin K, Findikli N, Bahceci M, Ortega I, Vidal C, Funabiki M, Izquierdo A, Lopez L, Portela S, Frantz N, Kulmann M, Taguchi S, Labarta E, Colucci F, Mackens S, Santamaria X, Munoz E, Barrera S, Garcia-Velasco JA, Fernandez M, Ferrando M, Ruiz M, Mol BW, Valbuena D; ERA-RCT Study Consortium Group. A 5-year multicentre randomized controlled trial comparing personalized, frozen and fresh blastocyst transfer in IVF. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020 Sep;41(3):402-415. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.06.002. Epub 2020 Jun 15. |
| 33926718 | Result | Bergin K, Eliner Y, Duvall DW Jr, Roger S, Elguero S, Penzias AS, Sakkas D, Vaughan DA. The use of propensity score matching to assess the benefit of the endometrial receptivity analysis in frozen embryo transfers. Fertil Steril. 2021 Aug;116(2):396-403. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.031. Epub 2021 Apr 27. |
| 33461752 | Result | Riestenberg C, Kroener L, Quinn M, Ching K, Ambartsumyan G. Routine endometrial receptivity array in first embryo transfer cycles does not improve live birth rate. Fertil Steril. 2021 Apr;115(4):1001-1006. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.09.140. Epub 2021 Jan 15. |
| 27827818 | Result | Rienzi L, Gracia C, Maggiulli R, LaBarbera AR, Kaser DJ, Ubaldi FM, Vanderpoel S, Racowsky C. Oocyte, embryo and blastocyst cryopreservation in ART: systematic review and meta-analysis comparing slow-freezing versus vitrification to produce evidence for the development of global guidance. Hum Reprod Update. 2017 Mar 1;23(2):139-155. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmw038. |
| 30388233 | Result | Roque M, Haahr T, Geber S, Esteves SC, Humaidan P. Fresh versus elective frozen embryo transfer in IVF/ICSI cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reproductive outcomes. Hum Reprod Update. 2019 Jan 1;25(1):2-14. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmy033. |
| 33539543 | Result | Zaat T, Zagers M, Mol F, Goddijn M, van Wely M, Mastenbroek S. Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Feb 4;2(2):CD011184. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011184.pub3. |
| 29025055 | Result | Mackens S, Santos-Ribeiro S, van de Vijver A, Racca A, Van Landuyt L, Tournaye H, Blockeel C. Frozen embryo transfer: a review on the optimal endometrial preparation and timing. Hum Reprod. 2017 Nov 1;32(11):2234-2242. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dex285. |
| 32970718 | Result | Shaodi Z, Qiuyuan L, Yisha Y, Cuilian Z. The effect of endometrial thickness on pregnancy outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles which underwent hormone replacement therapy. PLoS One. 2020 Sep 24;15(9):e0239120. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239120. eCollection 2020. |
| 23820515 | Result | Groenewoud ER, Cantineau AE, Kollen BJ, Macklon NS, Cohlen BJ. What is the optimal means of preparing the endometrium in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2013 Sep-Oct;19(5):458-70. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmt030. Epub 2013 Jul 2. |
| 30924053 | Result | Jing S, Li XF, Zhang S, Gong F, Lu G, Lin G. Increased pregnancy complications following frozen-thawed embryo transfer during an artificial cycle. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019 May;36(5):925-933. doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01420-1. Epub 2019 Mar 29. |
| 32147171 | Result | Liu X, Shi W, Shi J. Natural cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer in young women with regular menstrual cycles increases the live-birth rates compared with hormone replacement treatment: a retrospective cohort study. Fertil Steril. 2020 Apr;113(4):811-817. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.023. Epub 2020 Mar 5. |
| 28647784 | Result | Melnick AP, Setton R, Stone LD, Pereira N, Xu K, Rosenwaks Z, Spandorfer SD. Replacing single frozen-thawed euploid embryos in a natural cycle in ovulatory women may increase live birth rates compared to medicated cycles in anovulatory women. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2017 Oct;34(10):1325-1331. doi: 10.1007/s10815-017-0983-6. Epub 2017 Jun 24. |
| 31338657 | Result | Wang A, Murugappan G, Kort J, Westphal L. Hormone replacement versus natural frozen embryo transfer for euploid embryos. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019 Oct;300(4):1053-1060. doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05251-4. Epub 2019 Jul 23. |
| 34906128 | Result | Del Carmen Nogales M, Cruz M, de Frutos S, Martinez EM, Gaytan M, Ariza M, Bronet F, Garcia-Velasco JA. Association between clinical and IVF laboratory parameters and miscarriage after single euploid embryo transfers. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2021 Dec 14;19(1):186. doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00870-6. |
| 20821045 | Result | Zanatta A, Rocha AM, Carvalho FM, Pereira RM, Taylor HS, Motta EL, Baracat EC, Serafini PC. The role of the Hoxa10/HOXA10 gene in the etiology of endometriosis and its related infertility: a review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2010 Dec;27(12):701-10. doi: 10.1007/s10815-010-9471-y. Epub 2010 Sep 7. |
| 11694740 | Result | Merviel P, Challier JC, Carbillon L, Foidart JM, Uzan S. The role of integrins in human embryo implantation. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2001 Nov-Dec;16(6):364-71. doi: 10.1159/000053942. |
| 32973809 | Result | Wang W, Sung N, Gilman-Sachs A, Kwak-Kim J. T Helper (Th) Cell Profiles in Pregnancy and Recurrent Pregnancy Losses: Th1/Th2/Th9/Th17/Th22/Tfh Cells. Front Immunol. 2020 Aug 18;11:2025. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02025. eCollection 2020. |
| 31825483 | Result | Donoghue JF, Paiva P, Teh WT, Cann LM, Nowell C, Rees H, Bittinger S, Obers V, Bulmer JN, Stern C, McBain J, Rogers PAW. Endometrial uNK cell counts do not predict successful implantation in an IVF population. Hum Reprod. 2019 Dec 1;34(12):2456-2466. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dez194. |