The purpose of this study is to implement and assess a standard way of prescribing opioid pain medication following PCNL (a kidney stone removal surgery) to ensure patients are being discharged with an appropriate quantity of pain management medication.

Participants in this study will have their opioid pain medication prescription at discharge following PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, a kidney stone removal surgery) determined by an algorithm in addition to physician judgement. The goal of the algorithm is help physicians refine pain medication prescribing patterns for patients who have undergone PCNL in order to discharge patients with an appropriate quantity of pain management medication. The effectiveness of the algorithm will be assessed through participant surveys. Participants will complete a brief online survey on Days 3, 7, and 14 following hospital discharge and another phone-based survey 26-30 days after hospital discharge.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy at Mayo Clinic Rochester.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent.
• Patients who require Intensive Care Unit admission after surgery.
• Patients who have Clavien grade III or greater postoperative complications requiring additional intervention < 30 days after index procedure.

Subjects undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy at Mayo Clinic Rochester.