Patients who were using anticoagulant or antiaggregant medications for any reason and underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) or transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or open prostatectomy (OP) due to BPH will be compared with those who were not using anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication. The rates of postoperative clot retention, presence of hematuria, reoperation due to hematuria, blood transfusion and re-admissions due to hematuria in the first postoperative month will be compared.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients undergoing complete endoscopic transurethral tumor resection (TUR-BT) for bladder cancer
• Patients undergoing TURP due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
• Patients undergoing open prostatectomy due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who underwent incomplete transurethral tumor resection for bladder cancer
• Patient who underwent TUR biopsy for restaging with no obvious macroscopic tumoral lesion
• Patients who underwent cystectomy for bladder cancer

Patients who were referred to endoscopic bladder tumor resection (TUR-BT) or open or endoscopic BPH surgery (TURP or open prostatectomy) will be included in this study. For patients using anticoagulant/antiaggregant medications, relevant specialty (eg: Cardiology, neurology, cardiovascular surgery) or anesthesiologist will decide whether the patient will quit these medications before surgery or not, when to quit and whether low molecular weight heparin will be started instead. The responsible physician of the patient will decide when to restart the anticoagulant therapy after the surgery.