The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship between the changes of circulating extracellular vesicles and disease development and outcome in patients with traumatic brain injury, and to find early serum markers and potential intervention targets for disease monitoring in patients with traumatic brain injury. In addition, explore the source of extracellular vesicles as much as possible to prepare for subsequent basic experiments.

To compare the changes of molecular markers and circulating-related cell phenotype molecules in the serum of patients with traumatic brain injury, to observe the relationship between the changes of circulating extracellular vesicles and the development and outcome of the disease in patients with traumatic brain injury, and to search for early serum markers of patients with traumatic brain injury and potential interventions.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. No systematic treatment before admission;
2. The patient is diagnosed with traumatic brain injury with imaging evidence;
3. Age > 18 years old;
4. The patient or family members agree to sign the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Infectious diseases within the past 1 month;
2. Past head trauma, history of neurological diseases;
3. Non-isolated traumatic brain injury;
4. The patient is not receiving treatment in this hospital;
5. Severe disability, dementia, or organ dysfunction before the onset of the disease;
6. Subject refuses to participate.

All TBI patients treated at Tangdu Hospital from January 2022 to December 2022