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The global coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) has led to an increased need to wear protective equipment such as wearing face masks and practicing hygiene measures such as more frequent use of antiseptics. These measures can lead to changes in the skin, the development of new inflammatory skin diseases or exacerbation of existing ones, with health professionals especially under the risk of developing these changes. Changes in facial skin due to wearing masks have been observed in a number of studies, however, part of the study was based solely on subjects' self-assessment or clinical assessment, and only a small part on objective measurements of skin parameters. Also, the impact of prolonged masks' use have not been investigated.
The aim of these study was to investigate the effects of constant, long-term use of protective masks on facial skin.
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Protective facial mask | Other | Participants, students of health related professions, who wear protective facial mask daily during their internship/practice in health institutions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Transepidermal water loss change | Tewameter will be used to assess skin barrier function as a measurement of the water loss (g/hm2). | Weekly measurements for the duration of six weeks |
| Stratum corneum hydration change | Corneometer will be used to estimate skin dryness. It is a relative measurement and uses arbitrary units (AU). | Weekly measurements for the duration of six weeks |
| Skin erythema change | Mexameter will be used to assess erythema. It is a relative measurement and uses arbitrary units (AU). | Weekly measurements for the duration of six weeks |
| Melanin content change | Mexameter will be used to assess skin melanin content. It is a relative measurement and uses arbitrary units (AU). | Weekly measurements for the duration of six weeks |
| Participants' reported facial skin changes | Structured interview to determine if participants developed adverse events related to mask wearing (such as dryness, erythema, rash, scaling, pruritus, pain/burning, changes in texture or colour, ulcers etc.) between two measurement time-points. | Weekly measurements for the duration of six weeks |
| Sebum level changes | Sebumeter will be used to assess sebum levels. It is a relative measurement and uses arbitrary units (AU). | Weekly measurements for the duration of six weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Healthy students of health related professions who wear facial mask daily for at least six hours durnig their internship/practice in health care institutions.
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dario Leskur, PhD, MPharm | Contact | +38521557851 | dario.leskur@mefst.hr |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Split School of Medicine | Recruiting | Split | 21000 | Croatia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34077565 | Background | Montero-Vilchez T, Cuenca-Barrales C, Martinez-Lopez A, Molina-Leyva A, Arias-Santiago S. Skin adverse events related to personal protective equipment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Oct;35(10):1994-2006. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17436. Epub 2021 Jun 29. | |
| 33217053 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012871 | Skin Diseases |
| D003872 | Dermatitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017437 | Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
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| Park SR, Han J, Yeon YM, Kang NY, Kim E. Effect of face mask on skin characteristics changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Skin Res Technol. 2021 Jul;27(4):554-559. doi: 10.1111/srt.12983. Epub 2020 Nov 20. |
| 32171807 | Background | Elston DM. Occupational skin disease among health care workers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 May;82(5):1085-1086. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.012. Epub 2020 Mar 18. No abstract available. |
| 34077629 | Background | Akl J, El-Kehdy J, Salloum A, Benedetto A, Karam P. Skin disorders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2021 Oct;20(10):3105-3115. doi: 10.1111/jocd.14266. Epub 2021 Jul 1. |