Post-operative infectious endophthalmitis is devastating condition that causes a diffuse intraocular inflammation and may lead to blindness. Acute post-operative endophthalmitis usually presented within 6 weeks of intraocular procedure and diagnosis is confirmed by clinical examination and by the aid of B-scan ultrasonography.

There is no consensus regarding the timing of vitrectomy in cases with endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. The Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study concluded that vitrectomy should be preserved for cases with only light perception. The advances in posterior segment machines and small gauge cannulas decrease the incidence of intra-operative complications and encourage for early intervention in cases with endophthalmitis after primary cataract surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Acute onset endophthalmitis within 6 weeks after primary cataract surgeries.
• Patients had undergone early pars-plana vitrectomy within 48 hours of their confirmed diagnosis.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients were diagnosed as endogenous or chronic endophthalmitis.
• Patients with a previous history of rupture globe surgery or trauma.
• Patients who didn't complete the follow up period.

Patients that were diagnosed as acute post-operative endophthalmitis at ophthalmology department, Benha University Hospital, EGYPT.