The goal of this observational cohort study is to evaluate the impact of early pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on visual outcomes in adults diagnosed with acute endophthalmitis. It also aims to identify prognostic factors associated with visual recovery.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Does early PPV (within 48 hours of diagnosis) improve visual acuity at 1 month compared with initial medical management? Which baseline clinical and microbiological factors are associated with worse visual outcomes?

Participants with acute endophthalmitis receiving standard care in routine clinical practice will be included. Patients undergoing early PPV will be compared with those receiving initial medical treatment alone or with delayed PPV to assess differences in visual outcomes.

Clinical data, including visual acuity, treatment characteristics, microbiological findings, and complications, will be collected retrospectively from medical records, with follow-up outcomes assessed at 1, 3, and 6 months.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years
• Clinically diagnosed acute endophthalmitis
• Onset within 6 weeks following intraocular procedure (cataract surgery, intravitreal injection, anterior or posterior segment surgery)
• Endophthalmitis associated with trauma, infectious keratitis, bleb-related infection, or endogenous infection
• Availability of clinical data including visual acuity and treatment information

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age < 18 years
• Chronic endophthalmitis (> 6 weeks after procedure)
• Non-infectious conditions (e.g., toxic anterior segment syndrome, postoperative inflammatory reaction)
• Documented refusal or opposition to use of clinical data
• Insufficient clinical data, particularly missing visual acuity or treatment informationcuity or treatment information

This retrospective cohort includes adult patients diagnosed with acute endophthalmitis and managed at two referral centers (University Hospital of Brest and Pasteur Clinic, France) between January 2014 and December 2024. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and included a broad spectrum of etiologies (postoperative, post-intravitreal injection, traumatic, bleb-related, and endogenous endophthalmitis), reflecting real-world clinical practice.

All collected data that underlie results in a publication

Data will be available beginning three years and ending fifteen years following the final study report completion

Data access requests will be reviewed by the internal committee of Brest UH. Requestors will be required to sign and complete a data access agreement