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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Institute for Health Behavioral Research, Malaysia | UNKNOWN |
| University of Malaya | OTHER |
| UNICEF Malaysia | UNKNOWN |
| Ministry of Health, Malaysia |
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This is a randomised controlled experiment in the form of a web based survey study which randomly exposes participants to different forms of public health messages, after which participants will be assessed on their intent to take up the COVID-19 vaccine, recommend the vaccine, and also willingness to propagate the exposed message.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Descriptive Norm (70%) | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
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| Descriptive Norm | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
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| Healthcare worker (HCW) recommendation | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
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| Negative attribute framing |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health message exposure | Behavioral | Participants exposed to a health message and requested to read it completely. Subsequently requested to answer post intervention questions that form basis for outcome measures. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in intent to accept the COVID-19 vaccine amongst the Malaysian adult population. | Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 4 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from '"Definitely no", "Not sure, but probably no", "Not sure, but probably yes"to Definitely yes". | Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. |
| Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to healthy adults. | Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree". | Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. |
| Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to elderly. | Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree". | Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. |
| Change in intent to recommend the COVID-19 vaccine to people with existing health conditions. | Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree". | Immediately before and after message exposure during questionnaire administration. |
| Intent to share message on social media platform. | Outcome measure was assessed using a questionnaire answered through a 5 point ordinal scale.Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree". | Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Moderators of vaccination intent. | Outcome measure assessed using a series of questions answered through a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Not sure", "Agree", and "Strongly agree". | Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration. |
| Reliability of various information sources about COVID-19. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yee Liang Hing, MSc. | Clinical Research Centre, Malaysia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institute for Clinical Research, National Institutes of Health, Malaysia | Shah Alam | Selangor | 40170 | Malaysia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35906015 | Derived | Hing NYL, Woon YL, Lee YK, Kim HJ, Lothfi NM, Wong E, Perialathan K, Ahmad Sanusi NH, Isa A, Leong CT, Costa-Font J. When do persuasive messages on vaccine safety steer COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and recommendations? Behavioural insights from a randomised controlled experiment in Malaysia. BMJ Glob Health. 2022 Jul;7(7):e009250. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009250. |
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| OTHER_GOV |
| London School of Economics and Political Science | OTHER |
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Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
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| Positive attribute framing | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
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| Risky choice framing (Safety) | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
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| Risky choice framing (Side effects) | Experimental | Intervention in the form of a message likened to a social media post. Composed of 3 parts:
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| Control message | Experimental | Control message containing only rally slogan: "It's safe and effective!" |
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| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Descriptive Norm | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
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| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + HCW recommendation | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
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| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Negative attribute framing | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
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| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Positive attribute framing | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
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| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Safety) | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
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| Combination message: Descriptive Norm (70%) + Risky choice framing (Side effects) | Experimental | Participants received 2 messages which were exposed one at a time. Sequence of message appearing randomly rotated. |
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Outcome measure assessed using a questionnaire that list out various types of information sources and having participants to rate the reliability for each source using a 5 point ordinal scale. Scale ranges from "Strongly not reliable", "Not reliable, "Not sure", "Reliable", and "Strongly reliable". |
| Immediately after message exposure during questionnaire administration. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D000072758 | Vaccination Refusal |
| D003141 | Communicable Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007239 | Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D016312 | Treatment Refusal |
| D000074822 | Treatment Adherence and Compliance |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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