In this study, the investigators included all HCC patients with BCLC stage 0-A (n=1669) who underwent hepatectomy over an 1 ½ year study period, and divided them into three study cohorts according to the operations they received. These were consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study. 71 HCC patients were included in robotic liver resection cohort.

In this study, the investigators included all HCC patients with BCLC stage 0-A (n=1669) who underwent hepatectomy over an 1 ½ year study period, and divided them into three study cohorts according to the operations they received. These were consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study. 141 HCC patients were included in laparoscopic liver resection cohort.

In this study, the investigators included all HCC patients with BCLC stage 0-A (n=1669) who underwent hepatectomy over an 1 ½ year study period, and divided them into three study cohorts according to the operations they received. These were consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study. 157 HCC patients were included in open liver resection cohort.

After adequate periods of follow-up, the long-term oncological outcomes of the three different surgical approaches were compared, providing a higher level of evidence using a non-randomized comparative study based on propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.

The primary outcomes of this study included long-term oncological outcomes of OS

The primary outcomes of this study included long-term oncological outcomes of DFS

Postoperative morbidity and mortality were assessed according to the Clavien-Dindo classification

Textbook Outcome in liver surgery (TOLS), was defined as the absence of intraoperative incidents of grade 2 or higher, postoperative bile leak grade B or C, severe postoperative complications, readmission within 30 days after discharge, in-hospital mortality, and the presence of R0 resection margin.