Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was considered as a heterogeneous disease with multi-organ and multi-system design, which is related to various complications, such as hypertension, obesity and arteriosclerosis. Studies have found that hypertension and obesity are respectively associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, there is still no research investigating the the relationship between lipids distribution and arterial stiffness in HFpEF patients.

Before the 21st century, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) was considered as a disease with simple diastolic dysfunction, but after the 21st century, HFpEF was considered as a heterogeneous disease with multi-organ and multi-system design, which is related to various complications, such as hypertension, obesity and arteriosclerosis. Other studies have found that hypertension and obesity are respectively associated with increased arterial stiffness. However, there is still no research investigating the the relationship between lipids distribution and arterial stiffness in HFpEF patients.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult aged >=18years old;
2. Diagnosed with HFpEF.

Diagnostic criteria including:

1. left ventricular ejection fraction ≥50%；
2. with the symptoms and/or signs of heart failure；
3. BNP≥35 pg/mL and/or NTproBNP≥125 pg/mL；
4. at least one additional criterion: relevant structural heart disease(LVH and/or LAE) or diastolic dysfunction

Exclusion Criteria:

1. LVEF less than 45% at any time;
2. Severe liver failure; 3/Other causes of shortness of breath, such as severe pulmonary disease or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;

4.Primary pulmonary hypertension; 5.Severe valvular disease of the left heart; 6.Chronically bedridden or incapacitated; 7.Age <18 years old.

Heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)